What is Lumma Stealer malware?

Lumma is a widely accessible malware stealer that is sold openly across Dark Web forums and Telegram channels. Although not as popular as other stealers, such as RedLine and Formbook, it has gained considerable traction among cybercriminals that focus on exfiltrating sensitive information from unsuspecting victims. Operated by a group believed to originate from former USSR countries, LummaC2 Stealer has been actively evolving since its initial emergence in 2022, getting substantial updates that enhance its capabilities.

Lumma Stealer poses a significant threat to a wide range of computer systems, targeting devices running Windows operating systems from Windows 7 up to Windows 11. This broad compatibility allows the malware to infiltrate a vast network of systems, increasing its potential reach and impact.

Since it operates under a malware-as-a-service model, Lumma Stealer is accessible to anyone with the financial means to purchase a subscription. This accessibility has contributed to the malware's widespread adoption. There are three subscription plans, each providing a varying range of features to users, including access to a command-and-control (C2) panel, which allows criminals to monitor and manage the malware's activities on compromised machines.

Technical details of the Lumma Stealer malicious software

Lumma enables criminals to engage in a variety of illicit activities and a has a long list of capabilities, including:

• Data exfiltration: The malware effectively gathers sensitive information from targeted applications, including login credentials, financial data, and personal details.
• Regular updates: LummaC2 Stealer receives automatic updates on a regular basis.
• Data log collection: Lumma Stealer collects detailed data logs from compromised endpoints, including information extracted from browsers and cryptocurrency wallets.
• Loader capability: The stealer can drop additional malware onto compromised machines, expanding its malicious capabilities and potential impact.

Lumma Stealer has a vast range of features that make it a versatile tool for cybercriminals. For instance, all data transmitted by the stealer is decrypted on the server side, which makes it more difficult to analyze the malware’s traffic during the exfiltration process.

Another notable capability of the malware is its neighbor detection, which notifies operators about other instances of the malware running on the same system. The malware supports ARM, x86, and x64 architectures, demonstrating its cross-platform compatibility and ability to target a wide range of devices.

The stealer can also be configured to be used via a Telegram bot.

Execution process of Lumma Stealer

ANY.RUN lets us expose the malicious activities of Lumma Stealer and collect IOCs by uploading its sample to the sandbox.

Since stealers are trying their best to hide their activities, the execution chain of LummaC2 Stealer is kept as simple as possible. Therefore, there are not a lot of processes, and no usage of system tools occurs inside the infected OS. After the payload makes its way into the infected system, it immediately starts execution. The only process of the malware is responsible for carrying out all malicious activities, including data theft, C&C server communication, etc. If there is no connection with the C&C, Lumma stops its execution.

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The process graph of Lumma Stealer demonstrated by the ANY.RUN sandbox

Distribution methods of the Lumma Stealer malware

Lumma is utilized by numerous threat actors, both individuals and groups, who employ a variety of ways to deliver the payload to the target system.

• Fake Software: One of the most prevalent methods used to distribute Lumma Stealer is through fake software. When unsuspecting users download and install these fake applications, they introduce the malware onto their systems.
• Phishing Emails: Phishing emails remain a widely used attack vector for malware distribution, including Lumma Stealer. Cybercriminals craft emails that appear to be from legitimate sources, such as banks, e-commerce platforms, or social media networks.
• Discord Messages: In some cases, Lumma Stealer operators have taken to targeting users through direct messaging on Discord, a popular chat platform. These actors engage with victims, attempting to build trust and persuade them to download infected executables under false pretenses.

Conclusion

The growing threat of LummaC2 Stealer calls for a proactive approach to cybersecurity. As this malware becomes more common, individuals and organizations must be aware of its diverse delivery methods and take steps to protect themselves. Malware analysis sandboxes, such as ANY.RUN are a valuable tool for identifying and analyzing Lumma Stealer.

ANY.RUN is an advanced tool that provides a unique way to study malware. You can interact with infected systems in a safe cloud environment to observe how the malware behaves. It goes beyond simple observation by generating a detailed report that includes IOCs and malware configuration information, enabling you to take action against malware threats.

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