File name:

253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.exe

Full analysis: https://app.any.run/tasks/dbf9d8d9-dc18-4b5d-b657-be44f9136f21
Verdict: Malicious activity
Threats:

AsyncRAT is a RAT that can monitor and remotely control infected systems. This malware was introduced on Github as a legitimate open-source remote administration software, but hackers use it for its many powerful malicious functions.

Analysis date: April 29, 2025, 05:39:55
OS: Windows 10 Professional (build: 19044, 64 bit)
Tags:
dcrat
rat
asyncrat
remote
rust
Indicators:
MIME: application/vnd.microsoft.portable-executable
File info: PE32 executable (GUI) Intel 80386, for MS Windows, 8 sections
MD5:

253F2F81C335265CABA1CE6C1F3CD725

SHA1:

EC2D48687FEF55B2735062424A84F85E51E01D04

SHA256:

51F0400E2DAC0B9542DCE9098E261E151E6CF3EA693EB943DF3ADBAA33889634

SSDEEP:

49152:vH7tKJcvDWTqCVjp+yOtJaJsEsPCdaFvbjcin+ygJ4yNgCLm4LFxtKFd:T4aLCVjpZsJaJsEVd+bb+JBN1q4PkFd

ANY.RUN is an interactive service which provides full access to the guest system. Information in this report could be distorted by user actions and is provided for user acknowledgement as it is. ANY.RUN does not guarantee maliciousness or safety of the content.
  • MALICIOUS

    • Registers / Runs the DLL via REGSVR32.EXE

      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp (PID: 7616)
    • DCRAT mutex has been found

      • regsvr32.exe (PID: 7664)
    • ASYNCRAT has been detected (SURICATA)

      • regsvr32.exe (PID: 7664)
  • SUSPICIOUS

    • Executable content was dropped or overwritten

      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.exe (PID: 7532)
      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp (PID: 7552)
      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.exe (PID: 7588)
      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp (PID: 7616)
    • Reads the Windows owner or organization settings

      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp (PID: 7552)
      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp (PID: 7616)
    • Process drops legitimate windows executable

      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp (PID: 7552)
      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp (PID: 7616)
    • Reads security settings of Internet Explorer

      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp (PID: 7552)
    • Starts POWERSHELL.EXE for commands execution

      • regsvr32.exe (PID: 7664)
    • The process hide an interactive prompt from the user

      • regsvr32.exe (PID: 7664)
    • The process bypasses the loading of PowerShell profile settings

      • regsvr32.exe (PID: 7664)
    • Contacting a server suspected of hosting an CnC

      • regsvr32.exe (PID: 7664)
    • The process executes via Task Scheduler

      • regsvr32.exe (PID: 7260)
    • Connects to unusual port

      • regsvr32.exe (PID: 7664)
  • INFO

    • Create files in a temporary directory

      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.exe (PID: 7532)
      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp (PID: 7552)
      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.exe (PID: 7588)
      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp (PID: 7616)
    • Checks supported languages

      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.exe (PID: 7532)
      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp (PID: 7552)
      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.exe (PID: 7588)
      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp (PID: 7616)
    • Reads the computer name

      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp (PID: 7552)
      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp (PID: 7616)
    • The sample compiled with english language support

      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp (PID: 7552)
      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp (PID: 7616)
    • Process checks computer location settings

      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp (PID: 7552)
    • Creates files or folders in the user directory

      • 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp (PID: 7616)
    • Checks if a key exists in the options dictionary (POWERSHELL)

      • powershell.exe (PID: 4776)
      • powershell.exe (PID: 7692)
    • Application based on Rust

      • regsvr32.exe (PID: 7664)
    • Reads the software policy settings

      • regsvr32.exe (PID: 7664)
      • slui.exe (PID: 7960)
Find more information about signature artifacts and mapping to MITRE ATT&CK™ MATRIX at the full report
No Malware configuration.

TRiD

.exe | Inno Setup installer (81.5)
.exe | Win32 Executable Delphi generic (10.5)
.exe | Win32 Executable (generic) (3.3)
.exe | Win16/32 Executable Delphi generic (1.5)
.exe | Generic Win/DOS Executable (1.4)

EXIF

EXE

MachineType: Intel 386 or later, and compatibles
TimeStamp: 2004:03:11 20:09:15+00:00
ImageFileCharacteristics: No relocs, Executable, No line numbers, No symbols, Bytes reversed lo, 32-bit, Bytes reversed hi
PEType: PE32
LinkerVersion: 2.25
CodeSize: 86016
InitializedDataSize: 214016
UninitializedDataSize: -
EntryPoint: 0x16478
OSVersion: 5
ImageVersion: 6
SubsystemVersion: 5
Subsystem: Windows GUI
FileVersionNumber: 0.0.0.0
ProductVersionNumber: 0.0.0.0
FileFlagsMask: 0x003f
FileFlags: (none)
FileOS: Win32
ObjectFileType: Executable application
FileSubtype: -
LanguageCode: Neutral
CharacterSet: Unicode
Comments: This installation was built with Inno Setup.
CompanyName:
FileDescription: Program Compatibility Assistant User Interface Setup
FileVersion:
LegalCopyright:
ProductName: Program Compatibility Assistant User Interface
ProductVersion: 10.0.19041.928
No data.
screenshot
All screenshots are available in the full report
All screenshots are available in the full report
Total processes
144
Monitored processes
14
Malicious processes
5
Suspicious processes
1

Behavior graph

Click at the process to see the details
start 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.exe 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.exe 253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp regsvr32.exe no specs #DCRAT regsvr32.exe powershell.exe no specs conhost.exe no specs sppextcomobj.exe no specs slui.exe powershell.exe no specs conhost.exe no specs slui.exe no specs regsvr32.exe no specs

Process information

PID
CMD
Path
Indicators
Parent process
2140\??\C:\WINDOWS\system32\conhost.exe 0xffffffff -ForceV1C:\Windows\System32\conhost.exepowershell.exe
User:
admin
Company:
Microsoft Corporation
Integrity Level:
MEDIUM
Description:
Console Window Host
Exit code:
0
Version:
10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800)
Modules
Images
c:\windows\system32\conhost.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\system32\msvcp_win.dll
c:\windows\system32\ucrtbase.dll
c:\windows\system32\shcore.dll
c:\windows\system32\msvcrt.dll
c:\windows\system32\combase.dll
c:\windows\system32\rpcrt4.dll
4776"PowerShell.exe" -NoProfile -NonInteractive -Command -C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exeregsvr32.exe
User:
admin
Company:
Microsoft Corporation
Integrity Level:
MEDIUM
Description:
Windows PowerShell
Exit code:
0
Version:
10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800)
Modules
Images
c:\windows\system32\windowspowershell\v1.0\powershell.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\system32\msvcrt.dll
c:\windows\system32\oleaut32.dll
c:\windows\system32\msvcp_win.dll
c:\windows\system32\ucrtbase.dll
c:\windows\system32\atl.dll
c:\windows\system32\user32.dll
7236C:\WINDOWS\System32\slui.exe -EmbeddingC:\Windows\System32\slui.exesvchost.exe
User:
admin
Company:
Microsoft Corporation
Integrity Level:
MEDIUM
Description:
Windows Activation Client
Version:
10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800)
Modules
Images
c:\windows\system32\slui.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\system32\advapi32.dll
c:\windows\system32\msvcrt.dll
c:\windows\system32\sechost.dll
c:\windows\system32\rpcrt4.dll
c:\windows\system32\bcrypt.dll
c:\windows\system32\user32.dll
7260"C:\WINDOWS\system32\regsvr32.EXE" /s /i:INSTALL "C:\Users\admin\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\InputRoutingProxy1.pfx"C:\Windows\System32\regsvr32.exesvchost.exe
User:
admin
Company:
Microsoft Corporation
Integrity Level:
MEDIUM
Description:
Microsoft(C) Register Server
Exit code:
4
Version:
10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800)
Modules
Images
c:\windows\system32\regsvr32.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\system32\apphelp.dll
c:\windows\system32\aclayers.dll
c:\windows\system32\msvcrt.dll
c:\windows\system32\user32.dll
c:\windows\system32\win32u.dll
c:\windows\system32\gdi32.dll
7532"C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.exe" C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.exe
explorer.exe
User:
admin
Company:
Integrity Level:
MEDIUM
Description:
Program Compatibility Assistant User Interface Setup
Exit code:
1
Version:
Modules
Images
c:\users\admin\appdata\local\temp\253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64win.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64cpu.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\apphelp.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\oleaut32.dll
7552"C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\is-N7HV9.tmp\253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp" /SL5="$50248,663797,301056,C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.exe" C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\is-N7HV9.tmp\253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp
253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.exe
User:
admin
Integrity Level:
MEDIUM
Exit code:
1
Modules
Images
c:\users\admin\appdata\local\temp\is-n7hv9.tmp\253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64win.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64cpu.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\apphelp.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\oleaut32.dll
7588"C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.exe" /VERYSILENTC:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.exe
253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp
User:
admin
Company:
Integrity Level:
MEDIUM
Description:
Program Compatibility Assistant User Interface Setup
Exit code:
0
Version:
Modules
Images
c:\users\admin\appdata\local\temp\253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64win.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64cpu.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\apphelp.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\oleaut32.dll
7616"C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\is-4K4GC.tmp\253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp" /SL5="$60248,663797,301056,C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.exe" /VERYSILENTC:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\is-4K4GC.tmp\253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp
253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.exe
User:
admin
Integrity Level:
MEDIUM
Exit code:
0
Modules
Images
c:\users\admin\appdata\local\temp\is-4k4gc.tmp\253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64win.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64cpu.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\apphelp.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\oleaut32.dll
7636"regsvr32.exe" /s /i:INSTALL "C:\Users\admin\AppData\Roaming\microsoft\systemcertificates\\InputRoutingProxy1.pfx"C:\Windows\SysWOW64\regsvr32.exe253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmp
User:
admin
Company:
Microsoft Corporation
Integrity Level:
MEDIUM
Description:
Microsoft(C) Register Server
Version:
10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800)
Modules
Images
c:\windows\syswow64\regsvr32.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64win.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64cpu.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\apphelp.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\aclayers.dll
7664 /s /i:INSTALL "C:\Users\admin\AppData\Roaming\microsoft\systemcertificates\\InputRoutingProxy1.pfx"C:\Windows\System32\regsvr32.exe
regsvr32.exe
User:
admin
Company:
Microsoft Corporation
Integrity Level:
MEDIUM
Description:
Microsoft(C) Register Server
Version:
10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800)
Modules
Images
c:\windows\system32\regsvr32.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\system32\apphelp.dll
c:\windows\system32\aclayers.dll
c:\windows\system32\msvcrt.dll
c:\windows\system32\user32.dll
c:\windows\system32\win32u.dll
c:\windows\system32\gdi32.dll
Total events
16 092
Read events
16 092
Write events
0
Delete events
0

Modification events

No data
Executable files
8
Suspicious files
1
Text files
4
Unknown types
0

Dropped files

PID
Process
Filename
Type
7552253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmpC:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\is-3G0RO.tmp\_isetup\_setup64.tmpexecutable
MD5:4FF75F505FDDCC6A9AE62216446205D9
SHA256:A4C86FC4836AC728D7BD96E7915090FD59521A9E74F1D06EF8E5A47C8695FD81
7616253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmpC:\Users\admin\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\InputRoutingProxy1.pfxexecutable
MD5:62E92C80024292D4EAC7E5CFE1E8D28B
SHA256:0FE7E6AAB3876D634C3182BA9F3855048EFF6834EE3657B913DF5BDA0A233482
4776powershell.exeC:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\__PSScriptPolicyTest_kxxm0y5a.e4h.ps1text
MD5:D17FE0A3F47BE24A6453E9EF58C94641
SHA256:96AD1146EB96877EAB5942AE0736B82D8B5E2039A80D3D6932665C1A4C87DCF7
7552253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmpC:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\is-3G0RO.tmp\_isetup\_shfoldr.dllexecutable
MD5:92DC6EF532FBB4A5C3201469A5B5EB63
SHA256:9884E9D1B4F8A873CCBD81F8AD0AE257776D2348D027D811A56475E028360D87
7616253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmpC:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\is-BMGAN.tmp\_isetup\_setup64.tmpexecutable
MD5:4FF75F505FDDCC6A9AE62216446205D9
SHA256:A4C86FC4836AC728D7BD96E7915090FD59521A9E74F1D06EF8E5A47C8695FD81
7692powershell.exeC:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\__PSScriptPolicyTest_ijshtt52.orq.psm1text
MD5:D17FE0A3F47BE24A6453E9EF58C94641
SHA256:96AD1146EB96877EAB5942AE0736B82D8B5E2039A80D3D6932665C1A4C87DCF7
7616253f2f81c335265caba1ce6c1f3cd725.tmpC:\Users\admin\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\is-GJBPF.tmpexecutable
MD5:62E92C80024292D4EAC7E5CFE1E8D28B
SHA256:0FE7E6AAB3876D634C3182BA9F3855048EFF6834EE3657B913DF5BDA0A233482
7692powershell.exeC:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\__PSScriptPolicyTest_szb1c3ap.4vx.ps1text
MD5:D17FE0A3F47BE24A6453E9EF58C94641
SHA256:96AD1146EB96877EAB5942AE0736B82D8B5E2039A80D3D6932665C1A4C87DCF7
7692powershell.exeC:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\PowerShell\StartupProfileData-NonInteractivebinary
MD5:D1E05D0D5CE7AF260016DDC7F2E5F7DC
SHA256:6AAE9699692F30E0DD1D79A510591E4BB270DB4BA4B62DAE33B10C687ABBED48
4776powershell.exeC:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\__PSScriptPolicyTest_fmypdrsq.ptz.psm1text
MD5:D17FE0A3F47BE24A6453E9EF58C94641
SHA256:96AD1146EB96877EAB5942AE0736B82D8B5E2039A80D3D6932665C1A4C87DCF7
Download PCAP, analyze network streams, HTTP content and a lot more at the full report
HTTP(S) requests
7
TCP/UDP connections
24
DNS requests
17
Threats
4

HTTP requests

PID
Process
Method
HTTP Code
IP
URL
CN
Type
Size
Reputation
5496
MoUsoCoreWorker.exe
GET
200
23.216.77.6:80
http://crl.microsoft.com/pki/crl/products/MicRooCerAut2011_2011_03_22.crl
unknown
whitelisted
GET
200
23.216.77.6:80
http://crl.microsoft.com/pki/crl/products/MicRooCerAut2011_2011_03_22.crl
unknown
whitelisted
GET
200
184.30.21.171:80
http://www.microsoft.com/pkiops/crl/MicSecSerCA2011_2011-10-18.crl
unknown
whitelisted
5496
MoUsoCoreWorker.exe
GET
200
184.30.21.171:80
http://www.microsoft.com/pkiops/crl/MicSecSerCA2011_2011-10-18.crl
unknown
whitelisted
6300
SIHClient.exe
GET
200
2.23.246.101:80
http://www.microsoft.com/pkiops/crl/Microsoft%20ECC%20Product%20Root%20Certificate%20Authority%202018.crl
unknown
whitelisted
6544
svchost.exe
GET
200
184.30.131.245:80
http://ocsp.digicert.com/MFEwTzBNMEswSTAJBgUrDgMCGgUABBSAUQYBMq2awn1Rh6Doh%2FsBYgFV7gQUA95QNVbRTLtm8KPiGxvDl7I90VUCEAJ0LqoXyo4hxxe7H%2Fz9DKA%3D
unknown
whitelisted
6300
SIHClient.exe
GET
200
2.23.246.101:80
http://www.microsoft.com/pkiops/crl/Microsoft%20ECC%20Update%20Secure%20Server%20CA%202.1.crl
unknown
whitelisted
Download PCAP, analyze network streams, HTTP content and a lot more at the full report

Connections

PID
Process
IP
Domain
ASN
CN
Reputation
4
System
192.168.100.255:137
whitelisted
2104
svchost.exe
40.127.240.158:443
settings-win.data.microsoft.com
MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK
IE
whitelisted
4
System
192.168.100.255:138
whitelisted
40.127.240.158:443
settings-win.data.microsoft.com
MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK
IE
whitelisted
5496
MoUsoCoreWorker.exe
23.216.77.6:80
crl.microsoft.com
Akamai International B.V.
DE
whitelisted
23.216.77.6:80
crl.microsoft.com
Akamai International B.V.
DE
whitelisted
184.30.21.171:80
www.microsoft.com
AKAMAI-AS
DE
whitelisted
5496
MoUsoCoreWorker.exe
184.30.21.171:80
www.microsoft.com
AKAMAI-AS
DE
whitelisted
3216
svchost.exe
172.211.123.250:443
client.wns.windows.com
MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK
FR
whitelisted
6544
svchost.exe
20.190.160.14:443
login.live.com
MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK
NL
whitelisted

DNS requests

Domain
IP
Reputation
settings-win.data.microsoft.com
  • 40.127.240.158
  • 51.124.78.146
  • 4.231.128.59
whitelisted
google.com
  • 142.250.186.46
whitelisted
crl.microsoft.com
  • 23.216.77.6
  • 23.216.77.28
whitelisted
www.microsoft.com
  • 184.30.21.171
  • 2.23.246.101
whitelisted
client.wns.windows.com
  • 172.211.123.250
whitelisted
login.live.com
  • 20.190.160.14
  • 20.190.160.64
  • 20.190.160.128
  • 20.190.160.2
  • 20.190.160.66
  • 20.190.160.131
  • 20.190.160.65
  • 40.126.32.74
whitelisted
ocsp.digicert.com
  • 184.30.131.245
whitelisted
slscr.update.microsoft.com
  • 172.202.163.200
whitelisted
fe3cr.delivery.mp.microsoft.com
  • 20.242.39.171
whitelisted
activation-v2.sls.microsoft.com
  • 20.83.72.98
whitelisted

Threats

PID
Process
Class
Message
Misc Attack
ET DROP Spamhaus DROP Listed Traffic Inbound group 30
Domain Observed Used for C2 Detected
REMOTE [ANY.RUN] AsyncRAT SSL certificate
Domain Observed Used for C2 Detected
ET MALWARE Observed Malicious SSL Cert (AsyncRAT)
Malware Command and Control Activity Detected
REMOTE [ANY.RUN] AsyncRAT Successful Connection
No debug info