File name:

DriverRestore.exe

Full analysis: https://app.any.run/tasks/621c4c81-f438-4968-9821-042800a74d23
Verdict: Malicious activity
Threats:

A loader is malicious software that infiltrates devices to deliver malicious payloads. This malware is capable of infecting victims’ computers, analyzing their system information, and installing other types of threats, such as trojans or stealers. Criminals usually deliver loaders through phishing emails and links by relying on social engineering to trick users into downloading and running their executables. Loaders employ advanced evasion and persistence tactics to avoid detection.

Analysis date: February 09, 2025, 16:05:23
OS: Windows 10 Professional (build: 19045, 64 bit)
Tags:
loader
Indicators:
MIME: application/vnd.microsoft.portable-executable
File info: PE32 executable (GUI) Intel 80386, for MS Windows, Nullsoft Installer self-extracting archive, 5 sections
MD5:

9E72675AE81181C8784968FDB44BB51F

SHA1:

1F2EF7C0E3DFBD588FA8D3E0A0306B7EC1CAD0C1

SHA256:

F5576FA512B795964508FB8A2F5ED9B7FD4845141E76312FD9EF5D3817A8FE3D

SSDEEP:

98304:rFVKx8qBL0H3QiXZuO2co6+CUZKMHn2QOUFcRt2qCfn/mNbylFl+Ey2kOfF2pyr9:sUsFQ3EDXjNST6/nrLx

ANY.RUN is an interactive service which provides full access to the guest system. Information in this report could be distorted by user actions and is provided for user acknowledgement as it is. ANY.RUN does not guarantee maliciousness or safety of the content.
  • MALICIOUS

    • Executing a file with an untrusted certificate

      • DRHelper_installStart.exe (PID: 5320)
      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 5920)
  • SUSPICIOUS

    • Executable content was dropped or overwritten

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 6536)
      • install_driver.exe (PID: 2756)
    • The process creates files with name similar to system file names

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 6536)
    • There is functionality for taking screenshot (YARA)

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 6536)
    • Malware-specific behavior (creating "System.dll" in Temp)

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 6536)
    • Reads security settings of Internet Explorer

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 6536)
      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 5920)
    • Process drops legitimate windows executable

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 6536)
    • Process requests binary or script from the Internet

      • DRHelper_installStart.exe (PID: 5320)
    • Drops a system driver (possible attempt to evade defenses)

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 6536)
      • install_driver.exe (PID: 2756)
    • Creates files in the driver directory

      • install_driver.exe (PID: 2756)
    • Creates a software uninstall entry

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 6536)
    • Checks Windows Trust Settings

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 5920)
    • Reads Microsoft Outlook installation path

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 5920)
    • Reads Internet Explorer settings

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 5920)
  • INFO

    • Checks supported languages

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 6536)
      • DRHelper_installStart.exe (PID: 5320)
      • install_driver.exe (PID: 2756)
      • DRHelper_installFinish.exe (PID: 2072)
      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 5920)
    • The sample compiled with english language support

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 6536)
    • Create files in a temporary directory

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 6536)
    • Reads the computer name

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 6536)
      • DRHelper_installStart.exe (PID: 5320)
      • install_driver.exe (PID: 2756)
      • DRHelper_installFinish.exe (PID: 2072)
      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 5920)
    • The sample compiled with slovak language support

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 6536)
    • The sample compiled with arabic language support

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 6536)
    • Creates files in the program directory

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 6536)
    • Disables trace logs

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 5920)
    • Reads the machine GUID from the registry

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 5920)
    • Reads the software policy settings

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 5920)
    • Checks proxy server information

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 5920)
    • Creates files or folders in the user directory

      • DriverRestore.exe (PID: 5920)
Find more information about signature artifacts and mapping to MITRE ATT&CK™ MATRIX at the full report
No Malware configuration.

TRiD

.exe | NSIS - Nullsoft Scriptable Install System (91.9)
.exe | Win32 Executable MS Visual C++ (generic) (3.3)
.exe | Win64 Executable (generic) (3)
.dll | Win32 Dynamic Link Library (generic) (0.7)
.exe | Win32 Executable (generic) (0.4)

EXIF

EXE

MachineType: Intel 386 or later, and compatibles
TimeStamp: 2013:12:25 05:01:35+00:00
ImageFileCharacteristics: No relocs, Executable, No line numbers, No symbols, 32-bit
PEType: PE32
LinkerVersion: 6
CodeSize: 23552
InitializedDataSize: 117760
UninitializedDataSize: 1024
EntryPoint: 0x3219
OSVersion: 4
ImageVersion: 6
SubsystemVersion: 4
Subsystem: Windows GUI
FileVersionNumber: 3.3.0.1
ProductVersionNumber: 3.3.0.1
FileFlagsMask: 0x0000
FileFlags: (none)
FileOS: Win32
ObjectFileType: Executable application
FileSubtype: -
LanguageCode: English (U.S.)
CharacterSet: ASCII
Comments: Graphical Installer. Copyright (c) 2006 - 2013 unSigned Softworks. http://graphical-installer.com/
CompanyName: 383 Media, Inc.
FileDescription: Driver Restore
FileVersion: 2.3.0.0
InternalName: DriverRestoreSetup.exe
LegalCopyright: Copyright (c) 2013 383 Media, Inc.
LegalTrademarks: Copyright (c) 2013 383 Media, Inc.
OriginalFileName: DriverRestoreSetup.exe
ProductName: Driver Restore
ProductVersion: 2.3.0.0
No data.
screenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshot
All screenshots are available in the full report
All screenshots are available in the full report
Total processes
135
Monitored processes
7
Malicious processes
3
Suspicious processes
1

Behavior graph

Click at the process to see the details
start driverrestore.exe drhelper_installstart.exe install_driver.exe conhost.exe no specs drhelper_installfinish.exe driverrestore.exe driverrestore.exe no specs

Process information

PID
CMD
Path
Indicators
Parent process
2072"C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\DRHelper_installFinish.exe" uuid={7072D733-EA08-4C52-B856-1C514499F107};installFinish;clickId=3232823491;subSource=;bid_lang=de;c1=C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\DRHelper_installFinish.exe
DriverRestore.exe
User:
admin
Company:
383 Media, Inc.
Integrity Level:
HIGH
Description:
SuperFastPC Helper
Exit code:
0
Version:
1.0.199.0
Modules
Images
c:\users\admin\appdata\local\temp\drhelper_installfinish.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64win.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64cpu.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\apphelp.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\user32.dll
2756"C:\Program Files (x86)\DriverRestore\driver\install_driver.exe" runhidden runascurrentuser nowaitC:\Program Files (x86)\DriverRestore\driver\install_driver.exe
DriverRestore.exe
User:
admin
Integrity Level:
HIGH
Exit code:
0
Modules
Images
c:\program files (x86)\driverrestore\driver\install_driver.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64win.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64cpu.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\apphelp.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\user32.dll
4684\??\C:\WINDOWS\system32\conhost.exe 0xffffffff -ForceV1C:\Windows\System32\conhost.exeinstall_driver.exe
User:
admin
Company:
Microsoft Corporation
Integrity Level:
HIGH
Description:
Console Window Host
Exit code:
0
Version:
10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800)
Modules
Images
c:\windows\system32\conhost.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\system32\msvcp_win.dll
c:\windows\system32\ucrtbase.dll
c:\windows\system32\shcore.dll
c:\windows\system32\msvcrt.dll
c:\windows\system32\combase.dll
c:\windows\system32\rpcrt4.dll
5320"C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\DRHelper_installStart.exe" uuid={7072D733-EA08-4C52-B856-1C514499F107};installStart;clickId=;subSource=;bid_lang=de;c1=C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\DRHelper_installStart.exe
DriverRestore.exe
User:
admin
Company:
383 Media, Inc.
Integrity Level:
HIGH
Description:
SuperFastPC Helper
Exit code:
0
Version:
1.0.199.0
Modules
Images
c:\users\admin\appdata\local\temp\drhelper_installstart.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64win.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64cpu.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\apphelp.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\user32.dll
5920"C:\Program Files (x86)\DriverRestore\DriverRestore.exe" -ClickID=3232823491 -SubSource= -UID={7072D733-EA08-4C52-B856-1C514499F107} -delay=0 -registrationKey=0 C:\Program Files (x86)\DriverRestore\DriverRestore.exe
DriverRestore.exe
User:
admin
Integrity Level:
HIGH
Description:
DriverRestore
Version:
2.3.89.0
Modules
Images
c:\program files (x86)\driverrestore\driverrestore.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64win.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64cpu.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\mscoree.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\apphelp.dll
6368"C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\DriverRestore.exe" C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\DriverRestore.exeexplorer.exe
User:
admin
Company:
383 Media, Inc.
Integrity Level:
MEDIUM
Description:
Driver Restore
Exit code:
3221226540
Version:
2.3.0.0
Modules
Images
c:\users\admin\appdata\local\temp\driverrestore.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\ntdll.dll
6536"C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\DriverRestore.exe" C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\DriverRestore.exe
explorer.exe
User:
admin
Company:
383 Media, Inc.
Integrity Level:
HIGH
Description:
Driver Restore
Exit code:
0
Version:
2.3.0.0
Modules
Images
c:\users\admin\appdata\local\temp\driverrestore.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64win.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64cpu.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\apphelp.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\user32.dll
Total events
5 319
Read events
5 296
Write events
23
Delete events
0

Modification events

(PID) Process:(6536) DriverRestore.exeKey:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\DriverRestore
Operation:writeName:UID
Value:
{7072D733-EA08-4C52-B856-1C514499F107}
(PID) Process:(5320) DRHelper_installStart.exeKey:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\DriverRestore
Operation:writeName:ClickID
Value:
3232823491
(PID) Process:(6536) DriverRestore.exeKey:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Driver Restore
Operation:writeName:Publisher
Value:
383 Media, Inc.
(PID) Process:(6536) DriverRestore.exeKey:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Driver Restore
Operation:writeName:Contact
Value:
support@DriverRestore.com
(PID) Process:(6536) DriverRestore.exeKey:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Driver Restore
Operation:writeName:DisplayName
Value:
Driver Restore
(PID) Process:(6536) DriverRestore.exeKey:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Driver Restore
Operation:writeName:UninstallString
Value:
C:\Program Files (x86)\DriverRestore\uninst.exe
(PID) Process:(6536) DriverRestore.exeKey:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Driver Restore
Operation:writeName:DisplayIcon
Value:
C:\Program Files (x86)\DriverRestore\DriverRestore.exe
(PID) Process:(6536) DriverRestore.exeKey:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Driver Restore
Operation:writeName:DisplayVersion
Value:
2.3.0.0
(PID) Process:(6536) DriverRestore.exeKey:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Driver Restore
Operation:writeName:URLInfoAbout
Value:
http://www.DriverRestore.com
(PID) Process:(5920) DriverRestore.exeKey:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Tracing\DriverRestore_RASMANCS
Operation:writeName:EnableFileTracing
Value:
0
Executable files
24
Suspicious files
328
Text files
228
Unknown types
0

Dropped files

PID
Process
Filename
Type
6536DriverRestore.exeC:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\nsz5643.tmp\UAC.dllexecutable
MD5:431E5B960AA15AF5D153BAE6BA6B7E87
SHA256:A6D956F28C32E8AA2AB2DF13EF52637E23113FAB41225031E7A3D47390A6CF13
6536DriverRestore.exeC:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\nsz5643.tmp\GraphicalInstaller.dllexecutable
MD5:37F3B1FC64B855D5F3D91AD85718D3A6
SHA256:F063E17509C1969EC1FA69F8360AD7FB8388A83FF20B5A6DA1DAFC2296B85F15
6536DriverRestore.exeC:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\nsz5643.tmp\System.dllexecutable
MD5:960A5C48E25CF2BCA332E74E11D825C9
SHA256:484F8E9F194ED9016274EF3672B2C52ED5F574FB71D3884EDF3C222B758A75A2
6536DriverRestore.exeC:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\nsz5643.tmp\background_small.oleimage
MD5:B52355CC1CD854732BD22356EFF0F98E
SHA256:A398D4F808D623638D8FDCF301BE53226BD977A359F92937777E96810CDA5BE5
6536DriverRestore.exeC:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\DRHelper_installStart.exeexecutable
MD5:2841D44AD96DC12A8FA783CF29661ED5
SHA256:F5D4B525A3E18BB765CF67667A585C207FC3C808EE6C232DF14D0E6E354349BF
6536DriverRestore.exeC:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\nsz5643.tmp\LangDLL.dllexecutable
MD5:3D18FA9A1F5ED08A53B172D5334CC14A
SHA256:94ADB62923C4FE921C020DE4496A185F88FCA3752736F183D7CD7B5B205E4629
6536DriverRestore.exeC:\Program Files (x86)\DriverRestore\DriversScanner.dllexecutable
MD5:05B3D69A54253EE4A3A8A88A8A24017B
SHA256:2D26964130C5465C5593C56B0E0FCFABB0B4B33A7BA8F457DA2F97DA8A7100FD
6536DriverRestore.exeC:\Program Files (x86)\DriverRestore\DriverRestore.exe.configxml
MD5:EFEAE054C1442E0BCB405EEDDACA0799
SHA256:8F4A2CAC8FB4C384C904E68F793D8307B15DC2DD6D6CAAA74D1157E1B0A0903D
6536DriverRestore.exeC:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\nsz5643.tmp\ButtonEvent.dllexecutable
MD5:55788069D3FA4E1DAF80F3339FA86FE2
SHA256:D6E429A063ADF637F4D19D4E2EB094D9FF27382B21A1F6DCCF9284AFB5FF8C7F
6536DriverRestore.exeC:\Program Files (x86)\DriverRestore\Language-de.txttext
MD5:7D1B85C6BC0D90F858120AD435D58734
SHA256:4BEC97DD86D2862D02C51CB74CE1538E6A8E49DE43C5CF0AC1EE0CD4BF054CEA
Download PCAP, analyze network streams, HTTP content and a lot more at the full report
HTTP(S) requests
13
TCP/UDP connections
33
DNS requests
20
Threats
0

HTTP requests

PID
Process
Method
HTTP Code
IP
URL
CN
Type
Size
Reputation
GET
200
2.17.190.73:80
http://ocsp.digicert.com/MFEwTzBNMEswSTAJBgUrDgMCGgUABBSAUQYBMq2awn1Rh6Doh%2FsBYgFV7gQUA95QNVbRTLtm8KPiGxvDl7I90VUCEAJ0LqoXyo4hxxe7H%2Fz9DKA%3D
unknown
whitelisted
5064
SearchApp.exe
GET
200
2.17.190.73:80
http://ocsp.digicert.com/MFEwTzBNMEswSTAJBgUrDgMCGgUABBTrjrydRyt%2BApF3GSPypfHBxR5XtQQUs9tIpPmhxdiuNkHMEWNpYim8S8YCEAI5PUjXAkJafLQcAAsO18o%3D
unknown
whitelisted
6652
backgroundTaskHost.exe
GET
200
2.17.190.73:80
http://ocsp.digicert.com/MFEwTzBNMEswSTAJBgUrDgMCGgUABBQ50otx%2Fh0Ztl%2Bz8SiPI7wEWVxDlQQUTiJUIBiV5uNu5g%2F6%2BrkS7QYXjzkCEAUZZSZEml49Gjh0j13P68w%3D
unknown
whitelisted
3560
SIHClient.exe
GET
200
184.30.21.171:80
http://www.microsoft.com/pkiops/crl/Microsoft%20ECC%20Product%20Root%20Certificate%20Authority%202018.crl
unknown
whitelisted
3560
SIHClient.exe
GET
200
184.30.21.171:80
http://www.microsoft.com/pkiops/crl/Microsoft%20ECC%20Update%20Secure%20Server%20CA%202.1.crl
unknown
whitelisted
5320
DRHelper_installStart.exe
GET
200
45.32.82.237:80
http://leads.383media.com/leads/tracker-action.jsp?leadTrackerId=5361&unique=true&affCode=drinternal2&actdesc=%7B%22uuid%22:%227072D733-EA08-4C52-B856-1C514499F107%22,%22ComputerName%22:%22DESKTOP-JGLLJLD%22,%22UserName%22:%22admin%22,%22IsAdmin%22:%221%22,%22NetVersion%22:%224.5%22%7D&bid_lang=de&returnClkId=true
unknown
unknown
2072
DRHelper_installFinish.exe
GET
302
45.32.82.237:80
http://leads.383media.com/leads/tracker-action.jsp?leadTrackerId=5371&unique=true&affCode=drinternal2&actdesc=%7B%22uuid%22:%227072D733-EA08-4C52-B856-1C514499F107%22,%22ComputerName%22:%22DESKTOP-JGLLJLD%22,%22UserName%22:%22admin%22,%22IsAdmin%22:%221%22,%22NetVersion%22:%224.5%22%7D&bid_lang=de&clkid=3232823491
unknown
unknown
2072
DRHelper_installFinish.exe
GET
200
45.32.82.237:80
http://leads.383media.com/images/1x1.gif
unknown
unknown
5920
DriverRestore.exe
GET
200
2.23.79.3:80
http://ocsp.verisign.com/MFEwTzBNMEswSTAJBgUrDgMCGgUABBS56bKHAoUD%2BOyl%2B0LhPg9JxyQm4gQUf9Nlp8Ld7LvwMAnzQzn6Aq8zMTMCEGxZ76nhAOEO4wa6j%2BApJVk%3D
unknown
whitelisted
5920
DriverRestore.exe
GET
200
2.23.79.3:80
http://ocsp.verisign.com/MFEwTzBNMEswSTAJBgUrDgMCGgUABBS56bKHAoUD%2BOyl%2B0LhPg9JxyQm4gQUf9Nlp8Ld7LvwMAnzQzn6Aq8zMTMCEGxZ76nhAOEO4wa6j%2BApJVk%3D
unknown
whitelisted
Download PCAP, analyze network streams, HTTP content and a lot more at the full report

Connections

PID
Process
IP
Domain
ASN
CN
Reputation
40.127.240.158:443
MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK
IE
unknown
4
System
192.168.100.255:137
whitelisted
4712
MoUsoCoreWorker.exe
40.127.240.158:443
MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK
IE
unknown
4
System
192.168.100.255:138
whitelisted
5064
SearchApp.exe
104.126.37.178:443
www.bing.com
Akamai International B.V.
DE
whitelisted
40.126.32.133:443
login.live.com
MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK
NL
whitelisted
2.17.190.73:80
ocsp.digicert.com
AKAMAI-AS
DE
whitelisted
5064
SearchApp.exe
2.17.190.73:80
ocsp.digicert.com
AKAMAI-AS
DE
whitelisted
1076
svchost.exe
23.35.238.131:443
go.microsoft.com
AKAMAI-AS
DE
whitelisted
23.35.238.131:443
go.microsoft.com
AKAMAI-AS
DE
whitelisted

DNS requests

Domain
IP
Reputation
www.bing.com
  • 104.126.37.178
  • 104.126.37.163
  • 104.126.37.177
  • 104.126.37.123
  • 104.126.37.130
  • 104.126.37.162
  • 104.126.37.161
  • 104.126.37.128
  • 104.126.37.171
whitelisted
login.live.com
  • 40.126.32.133
  • 40.126.32.140
  • 20.190.160.67
  • 20.190.160.14
  • 20.190.160.17
  • 40.126.32.76
  • 20.190.160.131
  • 20.190.160.22
whitelisted
ocsp.digicert.com
  • 2.17.190.73
whitelisted
go.microsoft.com
  • 23.35.238.131
whitelisted
settings-win.data.microsoft.com
  • 20.73.194.208
  • 51.124.78.146
whitelisted
arc.msn.com
  • 20.223.35.26
whitelisted
fd.api.iris.microsoft.com
  • 20.31.169.57
whitelisted
slscr.update.microsoft.com
  • 52.149.20.212
whitelisted
www.microsoft.com
  • 184.30.21.171
whitelisted
fe3cr.delivery.mp.microsoft.com
  • 13.85.23.206
whitelisted

Threats

No threats detected
No debug info