DonutLoader is a versatile, open-source-based in-memory loader that turns .NET assemblies, executables, DLLs, and scripts into position-independent shellcode for execution entirely in RAM. Originally derived from the popular Donut tool, it enables threat actors to bypass traditional antivirus and EDR solutions by avoiding disk writes and injecting payloads directly into legitimate Windows processes.

A loader is malicious software that infiltrates devices to deliver malicious payloads. This malware is capable of infecting victims’ computers, analyzing their system information, and installing other types of threats, such as trojans or stealers. Criminals usually deliver loaders through phishing emails and links by relying on social engineering to trick users into downloading and running their executables. Loaders employ advanced evasion and persistence tactics to avoid detection.

Stealers are a group of malicious software that are intended for gaining unauthorized access to users’ information and transferring it to the attacker. The stealer malware category includes various types of programs that focus on their particular kind of data, including files, passwords, and cryptocurrency. Stealers are capable of spying on their targets by recording their keystrokes and taking screenshots. This type of malware is primarily distributed as part of phishing campaigns.