DonutLoader is a versatile, open-source-based in-memory loader that turns .NET assemblies, executables, DLLs, and scripts into position-independent shellcode for execution entirely in RAM. Originally derived from the popular Donut tool, it enables threat actors to bypass traditional antivirus and EDR solutions by avoiding disk writes and injecting payloads directly into legitimate Windows processes.

A loader is malicious software that infiltrates devices to deliver malicious payloads. This malware is capable of infecting victims’ computers, analyzing their system information, and installing other types of threats, such as trojans or stealers. Criminals usually deliver loaders through phishing emails and links by relying on social engineering to trick users into downloading and running their executables. Loaders employ advanced evasion and persistence tactics to avoid detection.

Ransomware is a type of malicious software that locks users out of their system or data using different methods to force them to pay a ransom. Most often, such programs encrypt files on an infected machine and demand a fee to be paid in exchange for the decryption key. Additionally, such programs can be used to steal sensitive information from the compromised computer and even conduct DDoS attacks against affected organizations to pressure them into paying.