File name:

EasyBCD 2.4.exe

Full analysis: https://app.any.run/tasks/bd0360ff-ddaf-4263-932b-60ca4de11212
Verdict: Malicious activity
Analysis date: April 09, 2025, 05:48:08
OS: Windows 10 Professional (build: 19044, 64 bit)
Indicators:
MIME: application/vnd.microsoft.portable-executable
File info: PE32 executable (GUI) Intel 80386, for MS Windows, Nullsoft Installer self-extracting archive, 5 sections
MD5:

2E06476EBE1137F543EE7176D34716E7

SHA1:

6EAA6AA0E829CE8AF54213F6DE77E748C4388E23

SHA256:

0A94A43AF2DB7BDBADA87B34BF03D3B221110D1CA21BBEBEC55B08767C1281CC

SSDEEP:

98304:ilHlURur2ooGWFdzLmi9pimQ43ZIbI7KjDgXC5b7V6n0pWzvx4X1aex55V9WSdzu:hBma

ANY.RUN is an interactive service which provides full access to the guest system. Information in this report could be distorted by user actions and is provided for user acknowledgement as it is. ANY.RUN does not guarantee maliciousness or safety of the content.
  • MALICIOUS

    No malicious indicators.
  • SUSPICIOUS

    • Malware-specific behavior (creating "System.dll" in Temp)

      • EasyBCD 2.4.exe (PID: 6068)
    • Uses TASKKILL.EXE to kill process

      • EasyBCD 2.4.exe (PID: 6068)
    • Reads security settings of Internet Explorer

      • EasyBCD 2.4.exe (PID: 6068)
      • EasyBCD.exe (PID: 3096)
    • The process creates files with name similar to system file names

      • EasyBCD 2.4.exe (PID: 6068)
    • Executable content was dropped or overwritten

      • EasyBCD 2.4.exe (PID: 6068)
    • Process drops legitimate windows executable

      • EasyBCD 2.4.exe (PID: 6068)
    • Creates a software uninstall entry

      • EasyBCD 2.4.exe (PID: 6068)
    • There is functionality for taking screenshot (YARA)

      • EasyBCD 2.4.exe (PID: 6068)
    • Reads Internet Explorer settings

      • EasyBCD.exe (PID: 3096)
    • Reads the date of Windows installation

      • EasyBCD.exe (PID: 3096)
  • INFO

    • Reads the computer name

      • EasyBCD 2.4.exe (PID: 6068)
      • EasyBCD.exe (PID: 3096)
    • Create files in a temporary directory

      • EasyBCD 2.4.exe (PID: 6068)
      • EasyBCD.exe (PID: 3096)
      • msfeedssync.exe (PID: 2432)
      • msfeedssync.exe (PID: 5344)
    • Checks supported languages

      • EasyBCD 2.4.exe (PID: 6068)
      • EasyBCD.exe (PID: 3096)
      • BootGrabber.exe (PID: 1912)
      • UtfRedirect.exe (PID: 5064)
      • UtfRedirect.exe (PID: 1628)
      • bcdedit.exe (PID: 536)
      • bcdedit.exe (PID: 6816)
    • Process checks computer location settings

      • EasyBCD 2.4.exe (PID: 6068)
      • EasyBCD.exe (PID: 3096)
    • Creates files in the program directory

      • EasyBCD 2.4.exe (PID: 6068)
    • The sample compiled with english language support

      • EasyBCD 2.4.exe (PID: 6068)
    • Reads the machine GUID from the registry

      • EasyBCD.exe (PID: 3096)
    • Creates files or folders in the user directory

      • EasyBCD.exe (PID: 3096)
    • Reads Environment values

      • EasyBCD.exe (PID: 3096)
    • Disables trace logs

      • EasyBCD.exe (PID: 3096)
    • Checks proxy server information

      • EasyBCD.exe (PID: 3096)
      • msfeedssync.exe (PID: 2432)
    • Process checks whether UAC notifications are on

      • EasyBCD.exe (PID: 3096)
    • Reads the software policy settings

      • EasyBCD.exe (PID: 3096)
    • Reads security settings of Internet Explorer

      • msfeedssync.exe (PID: 2432)
      • msfeedssync.exe (PID: 5344)
Find more information about signature artifacts and mapping to MITRE ATT&CK™ MATRIX at the full report
No Malware configuration.

TRiD

.exe | Win32 Executable MS Visual C++ (generic) (67.4)
.dll | Win32 Dynamic Link Library (generic) (14.2)
.exe | Win32 Executable (generic) (9.7)
.exe | Generic Win/DOS Executable (4.3)
.exe | DOS Executable Generic (4.3)

EXIF

EXE

MachineType: Intel 386 or later, and compatibles
TimeStamp: 2018:01:30 03:57:38+00:00
ImageFileCharacteristics: No relocs, Executable, No line numbers, No symbols, 32-bit
PEType: PE32
LinkerVersion: 6
CodeSize: 25088
InitializedDataSize: 118784
UninitializedDataSize: 1024
EntryPoint: 0x3328
OSVersion: 4
ImageVersion: 6
SubsystemVersion: 4
Subsystem: Windows GUI
No data.
screenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshotscreenshot
All screenshots are available in the full report
All screenshots are available in the full report
Total processes
147
Monitored processes
17
Malicious processes
1
Suspicious processes
0

Behavior graph

Click at the process to see the details
start easybcd 2.4.exe taskkill.exe no specs conhost.exe no specs sppextcomobj.exe no specs slui.exe no specs easybcd.exe bootgrabber.exe no specs conhost.exe no specs msfeedssync.exe msfeedssync.exe no specs utfredirect.exe no specs utfredirect.exe no specs conhost.exe no specs conhost.exe no specs bcdedit.exe no specs bcdedit.exe no specs easybcd 2.4.exe no specs

Process information

PID
CMD
Path
Indicators
Parent process
208\??\C:\WINDOWS\system32\conhost.exe 0xffffffff -ForceV1C:\Windows\System32\conhost.exeBootGrabber.exe
User:
admin
Company:
Microsoft Corporation
Integrity Level:
HIGH
Description:
Console Window Host
Exit code:
0
Version:
10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800)
Modules
Images
c:\windows\system32\conhost.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\system32\msvcp_win.dll
c:\windows\system32\ucrtbase.dll
c:\windows\system32\shcore.dll
c:\windows\system32\msvcrt.dll
c:\windows\system32\combase.dll
c:\windows\system32\rpcrt4.dll
536"C:\Program Files (x86)\NeoSmart Technologies\EasyBCD\bin\bcdedit.exe" /export "C:\Users\admin\Documents\EasyBCD Backup (2025-04-09).bcd"C:\Program Files (x86)\NeoSmart Technologies\EasyBCD\bin\bcdedit.exeUtfRedirect.exe
User:
admin
Company:
Microsoft Corporation
Integrity Level:
HIGH
Description:
Boot Configuration Data Editor
Exit code:
0
Version:
6.2.8250.0 (winmain_win8beta.120217-1520)
Modules
Images
c:\program files (x86)\neosmart technologies\easybcd\bin\bcdedit.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64win.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64cpu.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\apphelp.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\advapi32.dll
1056\??\C:\WINDOWS\system32\conhost.exe 0xffffffff -ForceV1C:\Windows\System32\conhost.exeUtfRedirect.exe
User:
admin
Company:
Microsoft Corporation
Integrity Level:
HIGH
Description:
Console Window Host
Exit code:
0
Version:
10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800)
Modules
Images
c:\windows\system32\conhost.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\system32\msvcp_win.dll
c:\windows\system32\ucrtbase.dll
c:\windows\system32\shcore.dll
c:\windows\system32\msvcrt.dll
c:\windows\system32\combase.dll
c:\windows\system32\rpcrt4.dll
1324\??\C:\WINDOWS\system32\conhost.exe 0xffffffff -ForceV1C:\Windows\System32\conhost.exeUtfRedirect.exe
User:
admin
Company:
Microsoft Corporation
Integrity Level:
HIGH
Description:
Console Window Host
Exit code:
0
Version:
10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800)
Modules
Images
c:\windows\system32\conhost.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\system32\msvcp_win.dll
c:\windows\system32\ucrtbase.dll
c:\windows\system32\shcore.dll
c:\windows\system32\msvcrt.dll
c:\windows\system32\combase.dll
c:\windows\system32\rpcrt4.dll
1628"C:\Program Files (x86)\NeoSmart Technologies\EasyBCD\bin\UtfRedirect.exe"C:\Program Files (x86)\NeoSmart Technologies\EasyBCD\bin\UtfRedirect.exeEasyBCD.exe
User:
admin
Company:
NeoSmart Technologies
Integrity Level:
HIGH
Description:
UTF8 codepage proxy application
Exit code:
0
Version:
1.0.0.1
Modules
Images
c:\program files (x86)\neosmart technologies\easybcd\bin\utfredirect.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64win.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64cpu.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\apphelp.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\advapi32.dll
1912"C:\Program Files (x86)\NeoSmart Technologies\EasyBCD\bin\bootgrabber.exe" /tlistC:\Program Files (x86)\NeoSmart Technologies\EasyBCD\bin\BootGrabber.exeEasyBCD.exe
User:
admin
Company:
NeoSmart Technologies
Integrity Level:
HIGH
Description:
EasyBCD boot helper
Exit code:
0
Version:
1.0.0.1
Modules
Images
c:\program files (x86)\neosmart technologies\easybcd\bin\bootgrabber.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64win.dll
c:\windows\system32\wow64cpu.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\apphelp.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\advapi32.dll
2384"C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\EasyBCD 2.4.exe" C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\EasyBCD 2.4.exeexplorer.exe
User:
admin
Integrity Level:
MEDIUM
Exit code:
3221226540
Modules
Images
c:\users\admin\appdata\local\temp\easybcd 2.4.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\syswow64\ntdll.dll
2432"C:\Windows\System32\msfeedssync.exe" forcesyncC:\Windows\System32\msfeedssync.exe
EasyBCD.exe
User:
admin
Company:
Microsoft Corporation
Integrity Level:
HIGH
Description:
Microsoft Feeds Synchronization
Exit code:
0
Version:
11.00.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800)
Modules
Images
c:\windows\system32\msfeedssync.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\system32\apphelp.dll
c:\windows\system32\msvcrt.dll
c:\windows\system32\combase.dll
c:\windows\system32\ucrtbase.dll
c:\windows\system32\rpcrt4.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernel.appcore.dll
3096"C:\Program Files (x86)\NeoSmart Technologies\EasyBCD\EasyBCD.exe"C:\Program Files (x86)\NeoSmart Technologies\EasyBCD\EasyBCD.exe
EasyBCD 2.4.exe
User:
admin
Company:
NeoSmart Technologies
Integrity Level:
HIGH
Description:
EasyBCD
Exit code:
0
Version:
2.4.0.237
Modules
Images
c:\program files (x86)\neosmart technologies\easybcd\easybcd.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\mscoree.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\system32\apphelp.dll
c:\windows\system32\advapi32.dll
c:\windows\system32\msvcrt.dll
c:\windows\system32\sechost.dll
c:\windows\system32\rpcrt4.dll
3300C:\WINDOWS\system32\SppExtComObj.exe -EmbeddingC:\Windows\System32\SppExtComObj.Exesvchost.exe
User:
NETWORK SERVICE
Company:
Microsoft Corporation
Integrity Level:
SYSTEM
Description:
KMS Connection Broker
Version:
10.0.19041.3996 (WinBuild.160101.0800)
Modules
Images
c:\windows\system32\sppextcomobj.exe
c:\windows\system32\ntdll.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernel32.dll
c:\windows\system32\kernelbase.dll
c:\windows\system32\advapi32.dll
c:\windows\system32\msvcrt.dll
c:\windows\system32\sechost.dll
c:\windows\system32\rpcrt4.dll
c:\windows\system32\bcrypt.dll
c:\windows\system32\oleaut32.dll
Total events
6 651
Read events
6 355
Write events
267
Delete events
29

Modification events

(PID) Process:(6068) EasyBCD 2.4.exeKey:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\EasyBCD
Operation:writeName:DisplayName
Value:
EasyBCD 2.4
(PID) Process:(6068) EasyBCD 2.4.exeKey:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\EasyBCD
Operation:writeName:UninstallString
Value:
C:\Program Files (x86)\NeoSmart Technologies\EasyBCD\uninstall.exe
(PID) Process:(6068) EasyBCD 2.4.exeKey:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\EasyBCD
Operation:writeName:DisplayIcon
Value:
C:\Program Files (x86)\NeoSmart Technologies\EasyBCD\EasyBCD.exe
(PID) Process:(6068) EasyBCD 2.4.exeKey:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\EasyBCD
Operation:writeName:HelpLink
Value:
http://neosmart.net/forums/
(PID) Process:(6068) EasyBCD 2.4.exeKey:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\EasyBCD
Operation:writeName:URLUpdateInfo
Value:
http://neosmart.net/EasyBCD/
(PID) Process:(6068) EasyBCD 2.4.exeKey:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\EasyBCD
Operation:writeName:VersionMajor
Value:
2
(PID) Process:(6068) EasyBCD 2.4.exeKey:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\EasyBCD
Operation:writeName:VersionMinor
Value:
4
(PID) Process:(6068) EasyBCD 2.4.exeKey:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\EasyBCD
Operation:writeName:NoModify
Value:
1
(PID) Process:(6068) EasyBCD 2.4.exeKey:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\EasyBCD
Operation:writeName:NoRepair
Value:
1
(PID) Process:(6068) EasyBCD 2.4.exeKey:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\EasyBCD
Operation:writeName:DisplayVersion
Value:
2.4
Executable files
18
Suspicious files
51
Text files
310
Unknown types
0

Dropped files

PID
Process
Filename
Type
6068EasyBCD 2.4.exeC:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\nstC0C3.tmp\ioSpecial.initext
MD5:E2D5070BC28DB1AC745613689FF86067
SHA256:D95AED234F932A1C48A2B1B0D98C60CA31F962310C03158E2884AB4DDD3EA1E0
6068EasyBCD 2.4.exeC:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\nstC0C3.tmp\modern-wizard.bmpimage
MD5:1ED71CEF099AE50505B5F495CC50E2A2
SHA256:B177ADA6638B5869390C39405CAF5BEF6FA74AFAFE00BCD14DE5282867E47A26
6068EasyBCD 2.4.exeC:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\nstC0C3.tmp\System.dllexecutable
MD5:B0C77267F13B2F87C084FD86EF51CCFC
SHA256:A0CAC4CF4852895619BC7743EBEB89F9E4927CCDB9E66B1BCD92A4136D0F9C77
6068EasyBCD 2.4.exeC:\Program Files (x86)\NeoSmart Technologies\EasyBCD\bin\udefrag.exeexecutable
MD5:B28589BDE044417287D73EAC95142958
SHA256:0863BE7C3A6D3FF526E2C333F605E6FC4ED96BF71DD8FD8F8B81489F721FFC52
6068EasyBCD 2.4.exeC:\Program Files (x86)\NeoSmart Technologies\EasyBCD\bin\NST Downloader.exeexecutable
MD5:A5B3EA9EE11E9752417159BA1C618B95
SHA256:B92B2FA8916C78CCFFEF058D3BE900C840CB996028D373BA55985FD1D1DDDAC8
6068EasyBCD 2.4.exeC:\Program Files (x86)\NeoSmart Technologies\EasyBCD\EasyBCD.exe.configxml
MD5:3379AC7243ADCFA51A02295DBEDC956A
SHA256:7EC2512B59E62A3AEB0A1025BF152A31291E17E7E469CE18EFAE153064665B03
6068EasyBCD 2.4.exeC:\Program Files (x86)\NeoSmart Technologies\EasyBCD\bin\bootsect.exeexecutable
MD5:DA39BBA4267EC54DE12374BFD88D0DF4
SHA256:F15E3C9A8F73C6DC4EA8F0A174915B6EDCA06C75332EEC8A28E7A4B347276D4D
6068EasyBCD 2.4.exeC:\Program Files (x86)\NeoSmart Technologies\EasyBCD\bin\udefrag-kernel.dllexecutable
MD5:F72F526B334A578B8FBDC6A20B9E2E4E
SHA256:0233AF69B35DECEFDC7BB9AB7C8732434EBD4880C3B18085E6116F28431E3D4B
6068EasyBCD 2.4.exeC:\Program Files (x86)\NeoSmart Technologies\EasyBCD\bin\BootGrabber.exeexecutable
MD5:2E12B37D32C8BCF8920F5EBB6D24A6B9
SHA256:F9842333F0B562B4AB5349A09FC173B0B2971C1F600502C4284781C78A735D7E
6068EasyBCD 2.4.exeC:\Program Files (x86)\NeoSmart Technologies\EasyBCD\bin\UtfRedirect.exeexecutable
MD5:5B40791899FA37507E7C08BC3D9F5294
SHA256:5A87D9485F6E13EE2C3BA4AC289A3E237D17A43ED428B8A5BD5F00FC4800D1AC
Download PCAP, analyze network streams, HTTP content and a lot more at the full report
HTTP(S) requests
8
TCP/UDP connections
24
DNS requests
18
Threats
0

HTTP requests

PID
Process
Method
HTTP Code
IP
URL
CN
Type
Size
Reputation
GET
200
23.216.77.42:80
http://crl.microsoft.com/pki/crl/products/MicRooCerAut2011_2011_03_22.crl
unknown
whitelisted
6544
svchost.exe
GET
200
2.17.190.73:80
http://ocsp.digicert.com/MFEwTzBNMEswSTAJBgUrDgMCGgUABBSAUQYBMq2awn1Rh6Doh%2FsBYgFV7gQUA95QNVbRTLtm8KPiGxvDl7I90VUCEAJ0LqoXyo4hxxe7H%2Fz9DKA%3D
unknown
whitelisted
3096
EasyBCD.exe
GET
302
65.182.170.12:80
http://feeds.neosmart.net/neosmart
unknown
whitelisted
2432
msfeedssync.exe
GET
302
65.182.170.12:80
http://feeds.neosmart.net/neosmart
unknown
whitelisted
3096
EasyBCD.exe
GET
200
142.250.184.243:80
http://rss.neosmart.net/neosmart
unknown
whitelisted
2432
msfeedssync.exe
GET
200
142.250.184.243:80
http://rss.neosmart.net/neosmart
unknown
whitelisted
5404
SIHClient.exe
GET
200
95.101.149.131:80
http://www.microsoft.com/pkiops/crl/Microsoft%20ECC%20Update%20Secure%20Server%20CA%202.1.crl
unknown
whitelisted
5404
SIHClient.exe
GET
200
95.101.149.131:80
http://www.microsoft.com/pkiops/crl/Microsoft%20ECC%20Product%20Root%20Certificate%20Authority%202018.crl
unknown
whitelisted
Download PCAP, analyze network streams, HTTP content and a lot more at the full report

Connections

PID
Process
IP
Domain
ASN
CN
Reputation
4
System
192.168.100.255:138
whitelisted
2104
svchost.exe
20.73.194.208:443
settings-win.data.microsoft.com
MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK
NL
whitelisted
20.73.194.208:443
settings-win.data.microsoft.com
MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK
NL
whitelisted
23.216.77.42:80
crl.microsoft.com
Akamai International B.V.
DE
whitelisted
3216
svchost.exe
172.211.123.249:443
client.wns.windows.com
MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK
FR
whitelisted
6544
svchost.exe
40.126.31.131:443
login.live.com
MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK
IE
whitelisted
6544
svchost.exe
2.17.190.73:80
ocsp.digicert.com
AKAMAI-AS
DE
whitelisted
2112
svchost.exe
51.104.136.2:443
settings-win.data.microsoft.com
MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK
IE
whitelisted
2104
svchost.exe
4.231.128.59:443
settings-win.data.microsoft.com
MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK
IE
whitelisted
4
System
192.168.100.255:137
whitelisted

DNS requests

Domain
IP
Reputation
settings-win.data.microsoft.com
  • 20.73.194.208
  • 51.104.136.2
  • 4.231.128.59
whitelisted
crl.microsoft.com
  • 23.216.77.42
  • 23.216.77.6
whitelisted
google.com
  • 216.58.206.46
whitelisted
client.wns.windows.com
  • 172.211.123.249
whitelisted
login.live.com
  • 40.126.31.131
  • 20.190.159.0
  • 40.126.31.129
  • 40.126.31.0
  • 40.126.31.69
  • 40.126.31.128
  • 40.126.31.73
  • 20.190.159.23
whitelisted
ocsp.digicert.com
  • 2.17.190.73
whitelisted
api.neosmart.net
  • 18.245.60.51
  • 18.245.60.112
  • 18.245.60.103
  • 18.245.60.5
whitelisted
feeds.neosmart.net
  • 65.182.170.12
whitelisted
rss.neosmart.net
  • 142.250.184.243
whitelisted
slscr.update.microsoft.com
  • 172.202.163.200
whitelisted

Threats

No threats detected
No debug info